LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Electrical Conductivity: Measure
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Electrical conductivity or [S]pecific conductivity is a measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. When an electrical potential difference is placed across a conductor, its movable charges flow, giving rise to an electric current. The conductivity σ is defined as the ratio of the current density to the electric field strength :
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Electrical conductivity is a measure of how well a material accommodates the transport of electric charge. Its SI derived unit is the [S]iemens per metre, (A2s3m-3kg-1) (named after Werner von Siemens) or, more simply, Sm-1. It is the ratio of the current density to the electric field strength or, in more practical terms, is equivalent to the electrical conductance measured between opposite faces of a 1-metre cube of the material under test.
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Electrical conductivity is the measure of total concentration of dissolved salts in water. When salts dissolve in water, they give off electrically charged ions that conduct electricity. The more ions in the water, the greater the electrical conductivity it has.
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Electrical conductivity or [S]pecific conductivity is a measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. When an electrical potential difference is placed across a conductor, its movable charges flow, giving rise to an electric current. The conductivity σ is defined as the ratio of the current density <math>\mathbf{J}</math> to the electric field strength <math>\mathbf{E}</math>:
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The electrical conductivity of mineral oils increases with temperature because of the greater mobility of electron carrying species such as acids compared to simple hydrocarbons. Conductivity is measured by instruments which measure the current between two electrodes immersed in the oil with an applied voltage. Dielectric breakdown voltage is the voltage at which a dielectric (insulator) breaks down or allows sparks under the influence of strong electrical fields. This property is important for insulating oils, the unit is kilovolts (kV). Electrical conductivity and dielectric breakdown voltage of oils are important in lubricated components subjected to stray or self-generated electric currents. If the electrical conductivity of a lubricating oil is sufficient, the current can be dissipated or grounded without undue harm by sparks to a bearing surface.
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The dynamic ultrafiltration process of protein solution is experimentally investigated by measuring electrical conductivity within the filter cake. Three pairs of platinum wire electrodes were employed to measure the formation process of the filter cake on the membrane surface. The filter cakes formed from protein solutes behave as highly compressible cakes and shifting of pH from 5 to 4 or 9 results in a decrease in cake compressibility, as well as specific filtration resistance. The experimental results for bovine serum albumin and soy protein solutions coincide favorably with the calculated results based on the compressible cake filtration theory.
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