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Edgar Allan Poe: United States
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Edgar Allan Poe was a household name to American readers. His use of terror and the supernatural in his fiction made him very popular with them. His writing... used little of the American experience, but relied heavily on the Gothic techniques and German romanticism. While his short fiction was loved in the United States, his poetry was more successful overseas, especially in France. His critical essays have had a profound effect on literature as well, especially in the short story.
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In the past few years, Edgar Allan Poe has become far more popular as a character than as a writer, popping up in a startling number of period novels, usually in a tormented state. The visionary author takes center stage again as the beleaguered cynosure of Joel Rose's substantial and enjoyable historical conceit, set in pre-
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The young widow whom David Poe married in 1806 had been born in England in the spring of 1787. She was the daughter of Henry Arnold, and Elizabeth Arnold (born Smith) both actors at the Covent Garden Theatre Royal, London. Henry Arnold died apparently about 1773. His widow continued to support herself and her child by acting and singing, and in 1796, taking her young daughter with her, she came to America and landed in Boston. Mrs. Arnold continued her professional career in America at first with considerable minor success. Either immediately before, or just after arriving in the United States... she married a second time, one Charles Tubbs, an Englishman of minor parts and character.
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Poe had a turbulent and difficult life. In 1836 he married his 13 years old cousin Virginia Clemm but she suffered a partial paralysis and remained a virtual invalid until her death 5 years later. From this period onwards Poe began to become heavily involved in alcohol and drugs which seriously affected his health, both mental and physical. The nature of his death is disputed but many accounts state he turned up in Baltimore in a delirious condition from alcohol.
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The Poe Studies Association currently has a membership of 330 which includes scholars and Poe enthusiasts from the United States and abroad. The current president is Scott Peeples, College of Charleston; the vice-president is Barbara Cantalupo, Penn State Lehigh Valley; and the Secretary-Treasurer is Paul C. Jones, Ohio University. The PSA meets at the yearly conferences of the Modern Language Association in December and the American Literature Association in May. The PSA sponsors two panels related to Poe at each of these conferences.
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Poe's genius was early recognized abroad. No one did more to persuade the world and, in the long run, the United States, of Poe's greatness than the French poets Charles Baudelaire and Stéphane Mallarmé. Indeed Poe's role in French literature was that of a poetic master model and guide to criticism. French Symbolism relied on Poe's "Philosophy of Composition," borrowed from his imagery, and used his examples to generate the modern theory of "pure poetry."
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