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Edgar Allan Poe: New York
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When his foster father (who had never formally adopted him) died in 1834, Poe was not named in the will and received nothing from the estate. He began to support himself by writing essays, reviews and short stories and established a career as an editor of literary journals, beginning with the Southern Literary Messenger in 1835. He married his much younger cousin Virginia from Baltimore in 1836, and they moved to New York in 1837, Philadelphia in 1838. Later he edited William Burton’s Gentleman’s Magazine, then Graham’s Magazine, which featured his “Murders in the Rue Morgue,” the first modern detective tale, in 1841.
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In April of 1831 Poe left New York and sought out his birth mother’s family. He found her sister, Maria Clemm (Muddy, as Poe called her), a widow with one young daughter, Virginia. In Baltimore with Muddy and Virginia, Poe found a family bond that was to last until his death. Muddy was poor, and was unable to help Poe financially, but Poe took it upon himself to care for Muddy and Virginia. Financially, the three of them barely subsisted, and Poe was chronically unable to find work enough to support the three of them.
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The next year Poe wrote the publishing house asking if they might now be interested in a new collection of prose tales using the same meager terms as his 1840 deal. Three days later came a letter from the publishers rejecting even this slight request. The poet Poe would remain poor. Ironically, the 1841 letter Poe wrote to Lea & Blanchard inquiring as to their interest in publishing this collection sold for $3,000 at a 1944 auction.
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Poe was brought up partly in England (1815-20), where he attended Manor School at Stoke Newington. Later it become the setting for his story 'William Wilson'. Never legally adopted, Poe took Allan's name for his middle name. Poe attended the University of Virginia (1826-27), but was expelled for not paying his gambling debts. This led to quarrel with Allan, who refused to pay the debts. Allan later disowned him.
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Poe had a keen interest in the field of cryptography. He had placed a notice of his abilities in the Philadelphia paper Alexander's Weekly (Express) Messenger, inviting submissions of ciphers, which he proceeded to solve.[114] In July 1841, Poe had published an essay called "A Few Words on Secret Writing" in Graham's Magazine. Realizing the public interest in the topic, he wrote "The Gold-Bug" incorporating ciphers as part of the story.[115] Poe's success in cryptography relied not so much on his knowledge of that field (his method was limited to the simple substitution cryptogram), as on his knowledge of the magazine and newspaper culture. His keen analytical abilities, which were so evident in his detective stories, allowed him to see that the general public was largely ignorant of the methods by which a simple substitution cryptogram can be solved, and he used this to his advantage.[114] The sensation Poe created with his cryptography stunt played a major role in popularizing cryptograms in newspapers and magazines.[116]
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In 1840, Poe left Burton's magazine. Some biographers attribute his departure to drinking; others to disagreement with Burton over literary matters. Shortly after Poe left, the multi-talented Burton sold his magazine, because he needed capital to launch a new theater.
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