LYCOS RETRIEVER
Ecumenical Council
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The Ecumenical Council of Trent has proved to be of the greatest importance for the development of the inner life of the Church. No council has ever had to accomplish its task under more serious difficulties, none has had so many questions of the greatest importance to decide. The assembly proved to the world that notwithstanding repeated apostasy in church life there still existed in it an abundance of religious force and of loyal championship of the unchanging principles of Christianity. Although unfortunately the council, through no fault of the fathers assembled, was not able to heal the religious differences of western Europe, yet the infallible Divine truth was clearly proclaimed in opposition to the false doctrines of the day, and in this way a firm foundation was laid for the overthrow of heresy and the carrying out of genuine internal reform in the Church.
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Ecumenical Councils are extraordinary synods of bishops which primarily decide upon dogmatic formulations, especially in the face of heresy. Secondarily, they ... issue canonical legislation which governs the administration of the Church.
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When an Ecumenical Council defines some matter of belief, these definitions are infallible, for they constitute special exercises of the solemn Magisterium (cf. CCC 884), where the promised assistance of the Holy Spirit, the Spirit of Truth (Jn 14:17), is fully present (cf. Acts. 15:28).
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This Ecumenical Council defined the doctrine of Trinity in the Nicene Creed, which all the Christians recite, and which expresses the true faith concerning the Son of God. The Creed comprises 6 parts: 1) God the Father the Creator; 2) Jesus Christ the Son of God; 3) The Holy Spirit; 4) The Church; 5) The Baptism; 6) The life of the world to come.
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The First Ecumenical Council was held in Nicea, Asia Minor, in 325 on the occasion of the heresy of Arius (Arianism). In order to expedite the assembling of the Council, the emperor Constantine placed at the disposal of the bishops the public conveyances and posts of the empire; ... while the Council lasted he provided abundantly for the maintenance of the members. The choice of Nicaea was favourable to the assembling of a large number of bishops. It was easily accessible to the bishops of nearly all the provinces, but especially to those of Asia, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Greece, and Thrace. The sessions were held in the principal church, and in the central hall of the imperial palace. A large place was indeed necessary to receive such an assembly, though the exact number is not known with certainty.
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The First Ecumenical Council was summoned by Emperor Constantine the Great in 325, May 20th. The Council assembled at Nicaea in the province of Bithynia of Asia Minor and was formally opened by Constantine himself. The Council passed 20 canons including the Nicene Creed (described below), the Canon of Holy Scripture (Holy Bible), and established the celebration of Pascha (Easter).
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