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Ecumenical Council: Roman Church
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Immediately after the Council of Ephesus, Emperor Theodosius the Younger, seeing that it had failed to achieve the pacification of the Church, addressed to John of Antioch the demand that he enter into communion with Saint Cyril of Alexandria. At first, John and his supporters wished to establish this peace at an unfair cost-the cost of demanding that Saint Cyril repudiate all his writings in which he laid bare the doctrine of the God-man. Such a repudiation would have been tantamount to a rejection of the dogmatic activity of the Ecumenical Council of Ephesus, which had just concluded.
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The First Lateran Council, the first held at Rome, met under Pope Callistus II. About 900 bishops and abbots assisted. It abolished the right claimed by lay princes, of investiture with ring and crosier to ecclesiastical benefices and dealt with church discipline and the recovery of the Holy Land from the infidels.
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An Ecumenical council (or oecumenical council; ... general council) is a conference of the bishops of the whole Church convened to discuss and settle matters of Church doctrine and practice. The word derives from the Greek language "
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The number of bishops who attended the Council was 318. Hence, this Council is ... known as the Synod of the 318 Fathers. It closed on July 25, 325. Their memory is commemorated by the Orthodox Church on the Seventh Sunday after Pascha (Easter).
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The Coptic Orthodox Church and other sister churches only acknowledge four councils, which are the First Council of Nicaea, the Council at Constantinople, the First Council of Ephesus and the Second Council of Ephesus. The fourth (fifth) council which was the council at Chalcedon was the council that divided the Eastern (Oriental Orthodox) from the Western Churches. Copts believe that, in that council, the western church known as the Catholic Church fought for power instead of faith. The Coptic view is that the Pope of Alexandria was considered the only Pope in the first centuries, and other leaders of churches were considered bishops. The Coptic view is that they were all equal but a Pope was considered as an older brother to all bishops. Because of the title of the Pope of Alexandria and it continues leading in church dogmas and defending the faiths, the Bishop of Rome known as Leo decided to agree with the heresy of Tikos an archimandrite (head leader of monastery) that Christ had two separate natures, the divine nature and the human nature.
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Long before the Council began, the bishops of the Catholic world were asked to submit their proposals for subjects to be raised in the Council sessions. More than two thousand lists of proposals were received together with detailed opinions from sixty theological faculties and universities. All of this material was studied and summarized, and suggestions made by the Congregations of the Roman Curia were ... examined.
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