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Ecuador: Government
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Ecuador was a Spanish colony until 1822, when independence forces won a decisive victory over Spain. Since then the government has alternated between civilian rule and military dictatorship. Most of Ecuador’s political conflicts have involved squabbles among groups within the upper classes who control the nation’s wealth.
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Indigenous demonstrations, led by the Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador (CONAIE), took place in February and March. The government announced it would use force, if necessary, to stop the demonstrations, and CEDHU reported that military and police forces use of tear gas and batons against many demonstrators caused serious injuries.
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The latter mistake - which happened in 2005 before a U.S. federal court in New York -- threatened to shift the entire multi-billion environmental liability caused by Chevron to Ecuador's government, possibly depriving the Aguinda plaintiffs of any recovery. The mistake is now moot, as Chevron this year lost that second action at the trial level after Ecuador's government ... fired Bonifaz and hired new lawyers.
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Agriculture dominated the economy of Ecuador until the 1970s, when the production of petroleum brought added income to the nation. The money generated by the oil industry produced a decade of prosperity and extensive government spending but eventually led to an economic crisis in the 1990s as revenues fell, prices spiraled ever higher, the currency was devalued, and the country’s foreign debt burden grew. Although successive governments have tried to implement economic reforms, Ecuador’s economic footing remains unsteady.
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