LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Ebola
built 192 days ago
This subtype of Ebola was first discovered amongst chimpanzees of the Tai Forest in Côte d’Ivoire, Africa. On November 1, 1994, the corpses of two chimpanzees were found in the forest. Necropsies showed blood within the heart to be liquid and brown, no obvious marks seen on the organs, and one presented lungs filled with liquid blood. Studies of tissues taken from the chimps showed results similar to human cases during the 1976 Ebola outbreaks in Zaïre and Sudan. Later in 1994, more dead chimpanzees were discovered, with many testing positive to Ebola using molecular techniques. The source of contamination was believed to be the meat of infected Western Red Colobus monkeys, upon which the chimpanzees preyed.[8]
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The new Ebola vaccine candidate is an example of genetic immunization. The current research is only the first step towards developing a vaccine that might be used in humans. The researchers hope to test the vaccine in nonhuman primates within 12 months. Researchers are ... using this method to develop vaccines against other infectious diseases including influenza, malaria and tuberculosis.
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The impact that Ebola has on the adaptive immune system, and the adaptive immune responses that increase the likelihood of survival, are still being elaborated. What is known is that most survivors have a consistent profile of early and robust Ebola-specific IgG and IgM responses, as well as expression of inflammatory cytokines and evidence of a cytotoxic response to infected cells, both of which are moderated by the control and elimination of viral antigen. These adaptive responses, in turn, may be heavily dependent on the rapid and intact functioning of the innate immune system, and it is likely that the production of type I interferon is necessary in order to appropriately activate elements of innate and adaptive immunity.
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Mad Cow is the creepiest in a family of disorders that can make Ebola look like chickenpox. Scientists are only beginning to understand these afflictions. Known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, or TSEs, they arise spontaneously in species as varied as sheep, cattle, mink, deer and people. And once they take hold they can spread. Some TSEs stick to a single species, while others ignore such boundaries. But each of them is fatal and untreatable, and they all ravage the brain-usually after long latency periods-causing symptoms that can range from dementia to psychosis and paralysis.
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About 5 to 10 days after infection, people with Ebola get a fever, headache, and body aches. Frequently there is nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, cough, chest pain, and sore throat. Often there is sensitivity to light, swollen lymph glands, rash, as well as other symptoms. Patients ... begin excessive bleeding where injections are given. During the second week of infection, people with Ebola may get better, but often they develop severe bleeding from many parts of the body. If this occurs, then the patient will probably not survive.
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Ebola may be transmitted via bodily fluids such as blood and secretions. Well-established vectors for infection include handling other primates infected with Ebola, contact with infected corpses during funeral services, and touching infected patients without exercising proper caution. It is thought that the disease may be transferred through airborne particles, but so far there are no proven cases of this method of infection. Hospital staff are particularly susceptible to infection during an outbreak, particularly in the nations in which Ebola has so far occurred. Difficult economic conditions and a lack of access to proper sterilization and protective garments make nurses and doctors an easy target when they deal with patients who have been infected with Ebola.
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Ebola