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Duke of Marlborough: John Churchill
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As the eldest son of George Spencer, the 4th Duke of Marlborough, and Caroline the daughter of John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford, George Junior was given the title of Marquis of Blandford from birth. He grew up, largely isolated from society, at the family home of Blenheim Palace and was educated privately before attending Eton College and then Christ Church, Oxford, where his extravagant nature began to show. He graduated with an honourary M.A. in 1786 and D.C.L. on 20th June 1792. In 1790, the Marquis had already became M.P. for Oxfordshire, a post in which he served for seven years. The following year, he married Susan, second daughter of John Stewart, 7th Earl of Galloway, and together they had four sons and two daughters. The family was brought up in the Royal County of Berkshire, renting properties, first at Culham Court in Wargrave and then Bill Hill in Hurst.
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These difficulties being at length overcome, his Highness sent an aide-de-camp about half an hour past twelve to let the Duke of Marlborough know that he was ready. Upon this his Grace called for his horse, and sent the young Prince of Hesse with orders to Lord Cutts to begin the attack upon Blenheim. At the same time he ordered all the lines to move forward and to pass the rivulet over the pontoon bridges which he had caused to be laid. General Churchill advanced accordingly, having under him in the first line Lieut.-Gen. Ingoldesby, Majors-Gen. Herberville and Withers, and Brigadiers Wolven and Hulsen; and in the second line Lieut.-Gen.
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John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, was born in Devon. Although his family had aristocratic relations, they were gentry rather than high ranking members of the upper echelons of 18th-century society. On joining the British army in 1667, he first served in Tangiers and was then sent to assist Louis XIV in his Dutch wars, where he was promoted to colonel. In 1678 he married Sarah Jennings, and seven years later, on the accession of King James II, was elevated to Baron Churchill. He was then one of the leaders of the suppression of the Monmouth Rebellion. On the accession of William of Orange Churchill was further elevated to Earl of Marlborough, a title which had become extinct in his mother's family.
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In the words of his descendant Sir Winston Churchill, the Duke of Marlborough ‘never fought a battle that he did not win, and never besieged a place that he did not take’. Born of an impoverished gentry family, John Churchill enjoyed a meteoric career as a soldier and statesman, and a close, though troubled, relationship with Queen Anne. Much of this was due to the intelligence and determination of his wife Sarah, who for over twenty years was the queen’s confidante and close friend. His heroism was legendary and his portrait, along with his companion at arms Prince Eugène of Savoy, appeared on contemporary gaming pieces and playing cards.With success came great wealth and many titles. John Churchill was made Earl of Marlborough in 1689 and Ist Duke of Marlborough in 1702. Two years later, after the victory at Blenheim, he was made a Prince of the Holy Roman Empire by Emperor Leopold, and shortly afterwards a Prince of Mindelheim in Swabia by Leopold's successor Emperor Joseph.
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John Winston Spencer Churchill, 7th duke of Marlborough (1822-83), son of the 6th duke, was a Conservative politician. As marquess of Blandford he was M.P. for Woodstock 1844-45, 1847-57. He was Lord Steward of the Household 1866-67, Lord President of the Council in Disraeli's government 1867-68. Disraeli offered him the Viceroyalty of Ireland in 1874, which he declined, but he accepted the post in succession to the duke of Abercorn in 1876, and was Lord Lieutenant (Viceroy) until Lord Beaconsfield's ministry resigned in 1880. He was the father of Lord Randolph Churchill (see Add. 9248).
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Sir John CHURCHILL (1st Duke of Marlborough) was born on 6 May 1650 in Ashe, Devonshire, England. He was appointed a Baron Churchilll of Sandridge in 1685 in England. He died on 16 Jun 1722 in Windsor Lodge. He was buried in Blandon Church, Blenheim Palace. John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough - born 1650 in Ashe,
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