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Dravidian Languages: South Dravidian
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There are several chapters in this volume focusing on Dravidian morphology (... naturally involving phonology). Specifically, these chapters deal with Dravidian personal pronouns (chapter 4), gender and number in Proto-Dravidian (chapter 8), diachronic and synchronic rules in Parji phonology (chapter 11), the problem of reconstruction of Pro-Gondi forms of the third person masculine singular and plural (chapter 15), phonological processes favoring the emergence of the syllable types with a long vowel followed by a single consonant or a short vowel followed by two consonants in Dravidian and Indo-Aryan (chapter 16), and the origin and evolution of primary derivative suffixes in Dravidian (chapter 17). All these papers have, apart from providing neat solutions to many an unresolved problem in the southern languages, shed light on the nature of sound change, analogy, interplay between synchrony and diachrony, and grammatical constraints on sound change (cf. p. xv).
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It is ... probable that Dravidian languages have once been spoken in many tracts which are now occupied by Aryan forms of speech. The existence of a Dravidian dialect in Baluchistan seems to show that Dravidian settlers have once lived in those parts. The tribe in question, the Brahuis, are, however, now Eranians and not Dravidians by race, and it is not probable that there has ever been a numerous Dravidian population in Baluchistan. The Brahuis are most likely the descendants of settlers from the south.
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The original inhabitants may be identified with the speakers of the Munda languages, which are unrelated to either Indo-Aryan or Dravidian languages. However, the Munda languages, as a subgroup of the larger Austro-Asiatic language family, are presumed to have arrived in the Indian subcontinent from the east, possibly from the area that is now southwestern China, so any genetic similarity between the present-day speakers of the Munda languages and the "original inhabitants" of India is likely to be due to assimilation of the natives by Southeast Asian immigrants speaking a proto-Munda language.
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There are ... comparisons of Dravidian with ancient Elamite of ancient Eastern Messopotamia and Iran, which also have been often linked to Uralic and Altaic. This indicates a north-south chain of similar agglutinative, genderless languages from northern Europe to India, before the advent of the Aryans in this area. Even the Russian Tolstov, in his excavations of Khorezmia mentioned the many north-south and eastern links with this ancient culture.
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Others say that Shiva is a Dravidian god because Shaivism is more prominent in south than in north India. However, the most sacred sites of Shiva are Kailash in Tibet, Kashmir, and the city of Varanasi in the north. There never was any limitation of the worship of Shiva to one part of India.
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South Dravidian