LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Doughnuts
built 636 days ago
Doughnuts have a disputed history. One theory suggests that they were introduced into North America by Dutch settlers, who were responsible for popularizing other American desserts, including cookies, cream pie, and cobbler. This theory is bolstered by the fact that in the mid-19th Century doughnuts were called by the Dutch olykoeks ("oily cakes"). However, there is ... archaeological evidence that the pastries were prepared by prehistoric Native Americans in southwestern USA.[1]
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Doughnuts can be made using a yeast-based dough (raised doughnuts), or a special type of cake batter. Yeast-raised doughnuts contain about 25% oil by weight, whereas cake doughnuts' oil content is around 20%, but cake doughnuts have extra fat included in the batter, before frying. Cake doughnuts are fried for about 90 seconds, turning once, at between 190 and 198 degrees Celsius. Yeast-raised doughnuts take longer to fry, about 150 seconds, at 182 to 190 degrees Celsius. Cake doughnuts typically weigh between 24 g and 28 g, whereas yeast-raised doughnuts average 38g but are generally larger (when finished) and may be less dense.
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Doughnuts are more easily performed on wet and frozen surfaces (ice and snow). When performed in the snow it is more often done to have fun than it is to make an earnest attempt at creating the circular skid mark pattern. In the Australian outback, doughnuts performed in the dust or mud areas of land are colloquially referred to as "circle work".[[1]] Displays are usually performed at Bachelor and Spinster Balls. [[2]]
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Doughnuts have been around for centuries. Archaeologists turned up several petrified fried cakes with holes in the center in prehistoric ruins in the Southwestern United States. How these early Native Americans prepared their doughnuts is unclear.
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The doughnuts were even selling on the black market. Someone was buying them from a Krispy Kreme shop in the Bay Area and then selling them for nearly three times the price in Marin County, Bruckman said.
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After being fried, ring doughnuts are often topped with a glaze (icing) or a powder such as cinnamon or sugar. Styles such as fritters and jelly doughnuts may be glazed and/or injected with jam or custard.
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Doughnuts