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Dictionaries: Words
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Dictionaries can vary widely in coverage, size, and scope. A maximizing dictionary lists as many words as possible from a particular speech community (e.g., the Oxford English Dictionary), whereas a minimizing dictionary exclusively attempts to cover only a limited selection of words from a speech community (e.g., a dictionary of Basic English words). Take for instance, two dictionaries of Chinese characters: the pocket-sized minimizing dictionary Xinhua Zidian (2004, 700 pages) only includes 11,200 commonly used characters, while the multi-volume maximizing dictionary Hanyu Da Zidian (1995, 5800 pages) includes over 54,678 characters and variants.
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One Lingvo program is equal to a whole bookcase of paper dictionaries. The 12th version of Lingvo English-Russian Edition contains 50 dictionaries including 5 completely new and 12 significantly updated dictionaries. These are general, professional, specialized, regional, and explanatory dictionaries as well as thesaurus, phrasebooks, dictionaries of idioms and abbreviations. Lingvo 12 includes updated ABBYY Lingvo Universal, a comprehensive English-Russian dictionary containing 100,000 entries for common words. It took over 50 "human-years" of development and research to create this dictionary and keep it updated. This latest version of Lingvo ... includes the 8th edition of the Collins English Dictionary, an authoritative explanatory dictionary of the English language published by HarperCollins Publishers in 2006.
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In many languages, words can appear in many different forms, but only the undeclined or unconjugated form appears as the headword in most dictionaries. Dictionaries are most commonly found in the form of a book, but some newer dictionaries, like StarDict and the New Oxford American Dictionary on Mac OS X, are dictionary software running on PDAs or computers. There are ... many online dictionaries accessible via the Internet.
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Merriam-Webster Inc. acquired the rights to revise and publish Noah Webster's dictionaries in 1843. Since then, Merriam-Webster has maintained an ongoing commitment to innovation, scholarship, and love of language. Today, the company continues as the leader in both print and electronic language reference publishing with reference products, learning tools, and word games. For more information about the company, and about Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, Eleventh Edition, visit Merriam-Webster OnLine at http://www.Merriam-Webster.com .
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In a unique blend of both technology and linguistic tradition, Webster's New World(R) an imprint of John Wiley & Sons Inc., has partnered with Centon Electronics to deliver one of the most authoritative and respected dictionaries included on a USB drive. The Webster's New World College Dictionary comes pre-installed on the Centon 2GB and 4GB USB drive and is designed to install to the hard drive of a Windows compatible PC. Students, working professionals and just about anyone that needs a practical, easy-to-use dictionary will find the 160,000 plus entries of the Webster's New World College Dictionary, a welcome "step up" from internet based dictionaries. The dictionary ... includes a sophisticated word search, instant word help and a bonus misspeller's dictionary.
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The Dictionary of the Scots Language (DSL) comprises electronic editions of the two major historical dictionaries of the Scots language: the Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue (DOST) and the Scottish National Dictionary (SND). DOST contains information about Scots words in use from the twelfth to the end of the seventeenth centuries (Older Scots); and SND contains information about Scots words in use from the eighteenth century to the present day (modern Scots). These are the most comprehensive dictionaries available for, respectively, Older Scots and modern Scots, and are therefore essential research tools for anyone interested in the history of either Scots or English language, and for historical or literary scholars whose sources are written in Scots or may contain Scots usages.
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