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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: Criteria
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The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders lists the symptoms required to establish a diagnosis of ADHD. Throughout the 50 year history of the manual, these criteria--the official definition of ADHD--have evolved with each new edition. This is a short history of that evolution, plus the currently accepted criteria.
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Patients were 18-65 years old and met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, criteria of schizophrenia for at least one year). The mean age of patients who entered was 35.8 years old.
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This handbook describes and details criteria for diagnostic categories of mental disorders. Appendices include criteria sets provided for further study, decision trees for differential diagnosis, a glossary of technical terms, and a glossary of culture-bound syndromes. For earlier editions, see 302403 and 307355.
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The overall diagnostic criteria for an ADHD diagnosis include onset by age 7 years, impairment from symptoms in at least 2 settings, and significant impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning. There are 3 subtypes of ADHD that have been defined by the DSM: a predominantly inattentive type, a predominantly hyperactive type, and a combined type in which elements of both inattention and hyperactivity are present. Diagnostic criteria suggest that those diagnosed with the inattentive type have 6 or more inattentive symptoms present for more than 6 months and that those with the hyperactive type have 6 or more symptoms of hyperactivity present for at least 6 months. To be diagnosed with the combined subtype, a person must have 6 or more inattentive symptoms and 6 or more hyperactive symptoms.
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Standard diagnostic criteria require impairment in social interaction, and repetitive and stereotyped behaviors and interests, without significant delay in language or cognitive development. Unlike the international standard,[6] U.S. criteria ... require significant impairment in day-to-day functioning.[12] Other sets of diagnostic criteria have been proposed by Szatmari et al.[42] and by Gillberg and Gillberg.[43]
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