LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Dexamethasone: Vomiting
built 612 days ago
Dexamethasone, a synthetic adrenocortical steroid, is a white to practically white, odorless, crystalline powder. It is stable in air. It is practically insoluble in water. The molecular weight is 392.47. It is designated chemically as 9-fluoro-11 b,17,21-trihydroxy- 16a-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione. Its chemical formula is C22H29FO5.
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Dexamethasone skin aerosol is for external use only; do not take by mouth. Follow the directions on the prescription label exactly. Wash your hands before and after use. Shake the canister gently once or twice. Hold upright about 6 inches from the skin. Apply a short spray (one or two seconds) to the affected area.
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Dexamethasone-mediated cell death is known to activate the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway (16–20,42). However, dexamethasone has been found to have opposing effects in distinct cells. In granulosa cells, dexamethasone protects against serum deprivation–and cAMP-induced apoptosis and increases expression of Bcl-2 (43). In contrast, in LTR-6 cells (mouse M1 myeloid leukemia cells) dexamethasone induces cell death and reduces Bcl-2 expression. In thymocytes, lymphoid cells and airway epithelial cells apoptosis by dexamethasone is blocked by the overexpression of Bcl-2 (42,44,45). Indeed, the expression of Bcl-2 seems to determine the pro- or antiapoptotic effect of glucocorticoids (45).
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Dexamethasone enhances REDD1 expression but down-regulates REDD2 expression in rat gastrocnemius. Fasted rats ([C]on, control) were injected with dexamethasone (dex) or orally administered leucine (leu) or both (dex+leu) prior to homogenization of the gastrocnemius muscle for isolation of RNA as described under "Experimental Procedures." RNA was analyzed for the amount of REDD1 (A), REDD2 (B), and GAPDH mRNA (not shown) by quantitative RT-PCR as described under "Experimental Procedures." The results were normalized for GAPDH mRNA content and expressed as a percentage of the control value. The results represent the mean ± S.E. of 6–8 animals for each group.
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Dexamethasone is used for a relatively short period of time, not to exceed one month. A one week dosing schedule follows; abbreviated courses (4-7 days) using a rapid wean are ... used at the attending's discretion. Side effects (glucose intolerance, hypertension, immune suppression) can be very pronounced in extreme prematurity; a starting dose of 0.3mg/kg/day may be used in smaller infants.
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Dexamethasone should be kept in a fridge or below 25°C in the dark. As with all medicines Dexamethasone should be kept in a safe place out of reach of children. There is a "use by" date on the pack. This medicine should not be used after this date.
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