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Dermatitis: People
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In the case of contact dermatitis, the rash is a reaction to some substance that comes into contact with the skin. It may be a direct toxic effect or an allergic response. People who cannot wear cheap earrings without getting sore ears are experiencing a form of contact dermatitis. The most common causes of irritant and allergic contact dermatitis are detergents, nickel (e.g. in bracelets, watch straps, necklaces, fasteners on underwear), chemicals (e.g. in rubber gloves and condoms), certain plants (e.g. ragweed), certain cosmetics and some medication in the form of creams, lotions, or drops. The rash may be treated with corticosteroid medication and, obviously, further contact with the cause of the rash should be avoided. IF the cause is not known, it may be possible to identify the offending substance using a patch test.
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ATOPIC DERMATITIS (ECZEMA) — About 17 percent of people in the United States have eczema. It often occurs in people who have other allergic disorders, such as asthma and allergic rhinitis (nasal inflammation caused by allergies... known as hay fever). Family members are often affected. (See "Patient information: Rhinitis").
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Despite its name, dermatitis herpetiformis has nothing to do with the herpes virus. In people with dermatitis herpetiformis, glutens (proteins) in wheat, rye, and barley products somehow activate the immune system, which attacks parts of the skin and causes the rash and itching. People with dermatitis herpetiformis may develop celiac disease (see Malabsorption: Celiac Sprue), which is caused by the gluten sensitivity. These people have a higher incidence of other autoimmune diseases, such as thyroiditis, systemic lupus erythematosus, sarcoidosis, and diabetes. People with dermatitis herpetiformis occasionally develop lymphoma in the intestines.
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The appearance of the skin that is affected by atopic dermatitis depends on the amount of scratching and the presence of secondary skin infections. The skin may be red and scaly, be thick and leathery, contain small raised bumps, or leak fluid and become crusty and infected. The box on page 8 lists common skin features of the disease. These features can ... be found in people who do not have atopic dermatitis or who have other types of skin disorders.
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The National Institutes of Health estimates that 15 million people in the United States have some form of dermatitis. About 10 percent to 20 percent of all infants have dermatitis; ... in nearly half of these children, the disease will improve greatly by the time they are between five and 15 years of age. Others will have some form of the disease throughout their lives.
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Atopic dermatitis is one of the most common skin diseases, affecting between 9% and 30% of children or teenagers in the United States. Almost 66% of people with the disorder develop it before age 1, and 90% by age 5. In half of these people, the disorder will be gone by the teenage years, whereas in others it is lifelong.
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