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Dementia: Alzheimers
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Dementia is a term for a range of illnesses. The most common type is Alzheimer’s disease, in which brain cells deteriorate through the build up of a protein. Vascular dementia is ... common, caused by problems in the supply of blood to brain cells. About 75% of people who are diagnosed with dementia will have either Alzheimer’s or vascular dementia, or a combination of the two. There are other forms of dementia which are less common. They include dementia with Lewy bodies, Pick’s disease, Huntington’s disease, alcohol-related dementias, and HIV/AIDS-related dementia.
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Dementia is a group of symptoms caused by gradual death of brain cells. The loss of cognitive abilities that occurs with dementia leads to impairments in memory, reasoning, planning, and personality. While the over-whelming number of people with dementia are elderly, it is not an inevitable part of aging. Instead, dementia is caused by specific brain diseases. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause, followed by vascular or multi-infarct dementia.
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Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a leading cause of degenerative dementia in elderly adults. This condition is linked to abnormal protein structures in certain areas of the brain. The structures and symptoms of DLB are associated with Alzheimer's disease, but it is uncertain whether DLB is a sub-type of Alzheimer's or separate disease. There is no cure for DLB or Alzheimer's.
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Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) isa leading cause ofdegenerative dementia in elderly adults. This condition is linked toabnormal protein structures in certain areas of the brain. The structures and symptoms of DLB are associated with Alzheimer's disease, but it is uncertain whether DLB is asub-type of Alzheimer's or separate disease. There is no cure for DLB or Alzheimer's.
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Dementia is caused by the death of brain cells. Brain cells can be destroyed by brain diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, or strokes (called vascular or multi-infarct dementia), which decrease blood flow to the brain. Lewy body dementia is another common cause attributed to changes in brain tissue. Other causes can include AIDS, high fever, dehydration, hydrocephalus, systemic lupus erythematosus, Lyme disease, long-term drug or alcohol abuse, vitamin deficiencies/poor nutrition, hypothyroidism or hypercalcemia, multiple sclerosis, brain tumor, or diseases such as Pick’s, Parkinson's, Creutzfeldt-Jakob, or Huntington's. Dementia can ... result from a head injury that causes hemorrhaging in the brain or a reaction to a medication.
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The clinical guideline on Dementia was accompanied by implementation tools including a costing report and template. However, it has subsequently emerged that costs could arise from a recommendation in this guideline, when viewed in conjunction with changes to the technology appraisal on drugs for people with Alzheimer’s disease. This supplementary cost report estimates the impact of this recommendation. All other estimates in the costing for the clinical guideline remain valid and this supplementary cost is additional to the cost of £40.6 million estimated in the clinical guideline leading to a revised total cost of £46 million.
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