LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Deforestation: Countries
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This paper explores the causes of deforestation and biodiversity loss in Guatemala and is organized into 4 parts. First, an overview about deforestation in Guatemala from 1950-2000 is provided, and the relationship between deforestation and biodiversity loss is explored. Secondly, some underlying causes of deforestation are examined. While caution is needed about many conventional hypotheses, there are strong reasons to believe that higher rural wages generated by greater off-farm employment opportunities reduce deforestation. Thirdly, an empirical analysis indicates that agricultural activities in rural areas remain closely tied to deforestation because of the virtual absence of non-environmental assets of the poor. And finally, some doubts are placed on the excessive establishment of Integrated Conservation and Development Projects (ICDPs) within the countryside.
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Identifying and estimating deforestation implies the knowledge, at the relevant level, of the land cover at two dates. There are still unfortunately too few continuous forest inventories at the national or lower levels and most of them are carried out in the industrialized countries. At the international level, the assessments (beginning with the global ones of FAO) are only of value insofar as they are based on a reliable and repeated "groundtruth", which requires capacity building in this field in developing countries.
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[One] way to look at deforestation is in terms of the percent of a country’s forest that was cleared over time. By this metric, the island nation of Comoros (north of Madagascar) fared the worst, clearing nearly 60 percent of its forests between 1990 and 2005. Landlocked Burundi in central Africa was second, clearing 47 percent of its forests. The other top five countries that cleared large percentages of their forests were Togo, in West Africa (44 percent); Honduras (37 percent); and Mauritania (36 percent). Thirteen other tropical countries or island territories cleared 20 percent or more of their forests between 1990-2005.
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The World Bank has announced that it will establish two new carbon finance facilities, to help increase the world’s ability to tackle global climate change and deforestation. The Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF) will compensate developing countries for carbon dioxide reductions realized by maintaining their forests. In addition, the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility will support programs targeting the drivers of deforestation and develop activities to reach out to poor people who depend on forests to improve their livelihoods.The Carbon Partnership Facility (CPF) will be used in areas such as power sector development, energy efficiency, gas flaring, transport, and urban development, including integrated waste management systems.
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Ethiopia which is a country badly affected by deforestation loses 141,000 hectares of natural forests each year for many reasons. If the number continues to grow the future of the country will be very a bad. Currently the total number of the country’s land covered by forest is13, 000,000 ha of land 11.9 %( Mongabay 2006). Between 1990 and 2005 the country actually lost 14 percent of its forest or 2.1 million hectare, and that indicate us deforestation increased by 10.4 percent from 1990-2005, therefore because of deforestation the number of the wild animals the country has is becoming less and less over time. Previously the country has around 6,603 species of plants, 839 birds, 205 mammals 288 reptiles and 76 amphibians as well ( Mongabay 2006).
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The unfortunate irony is that much of the deforestation and desertification is in the developing countries which are likely to be affected sooner and more severely by environmental changes than the developed nations. Not only do the developing nations not have the financial, material, or intellectual resources of the developed nations; they ... tend to have more fragile social and political institutions. hence the developing nations will be less able to respond to the environmental protection needs important to all mankind.
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