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Dead Sea Scrolls: Hebrew Bible
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The Dead Sea Scrolls can be divided into two categories—biblical and non-biblical. Fragments of every book of the Old Testament (Hebrew canon) have been discovered, except for the book of Esther. Now identified among the scrolls are 19 fragments of Isaiah, 25 fragments of Deuteronomy and 30 fragments of the Psalms. The virtually intact Isaiah Scroll, which contains some of the most dramatic Messianic prophecy, is 1,000 years older than any previously known copy of Isaiah.
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Dead Sea Scrolls are documents discovered near the Dead Sea in Israel. They were an important source of information about the Holy Land in the first century after Jesus Christ's ministry on earth, and make up some of the oldest sections of The Bible.
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As a member of the editorial team that published the Dead Sea Scrolls, Dr. Schiffman has ... written several books and published over 150 articles on the Dead Sea Scrolls and Rabbinic Judaism. In addition to being the Edelman Professor, Dr. Schiffman is the Chair of New York University’s Skirball Department of Hebrew and Judaic Studies. He is a member of the University’s Center for Near Eastern Studies and Center for Ancient Studies, and also the Past President of the Association for Jewish Studies.
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The Dead Sea Scrolls comprise a vast collection of Jewish documents written in Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek, and encompassing many subjects and literary styles. They include manuscripts or fragments of every book in the Hebrew Bible except the Book of Esther, all of them created nearly one thousand years earlier than any previously known biblical manuscripts. The scrolls ... contain the earliest existing biblical commentary, on the Book of Habakkuk, and many other writings, among them religious works pertaining to Jewish sects of the time
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The Dead Sea Scrolls have been called the greatest manuscript find of all time. Discovered between 1947 and 1956, the Scrolls comprise some 800 documents but in many tens of thousands of fragments. The Scrolls date from about 350 B.C. to 68 A.D. and were written in Hebrew, Aramaic and Greek; they contain Biblical and apocryphal works, prayers and legal texts and sectarian documents.
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In 1963, Karl Heinrich Rengstorf of the University of Münster put forth the theory that the Dead Sea scrolls originated at the library of the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem. This theory was rejected by most scholars during the 1960s, who maintained that the scrolls were written at Qumran rather than transported from another location (a position then thought to be supported by de Vaux's identification of a room within the ruins of Qumran as a probable scriptorium -- an identification that has since been disputed by various archaeologists). Rengstorf's theory is ... rejected by Norman Golb, who argues that it is rendered unlikely by the great multiplicity of conflicting religious ideas found among the scrolls. It has in large measure been revived, however, by Rachel Elior, who heads the department of Jewish Thought at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem.
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