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Cytoplasm
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Cytoplasm is the region of the cell between the nucleus and the plasma membrane (outer cell membrane). Its main job is to carry out many metabolic (chemical) processes that sustain the life of the cell and contribute to the larger whole of which the cell is part. Cytoplasm consists mainly of water, electrolytes, carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids (fats), all beautifully arranged and organised. Organelles (‘tiny organs’) are suspended in the cytoplasm. These include ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes, centrioles, and the cytoskeleton. There are other structures (inclusions) such as melanin granules, fat stores and glycogen stores in specific cell types.
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Cytoplasm is the viscid, semifluid matter contained within the plasma membrane of a biological cell. In contrast to the protoplasm... the cytoplasm does not include the cell nucleus. The watery or aqueous component of the cytoplasm is the cytosol, which includes ions and soluble macromolecules, for example enzymes. The insoluble constituents of the cytoplasm include the organelles and the cytoskeleton, which gives to the cytoplasm a gel-like structure and consistency. While all cells possess a cytoplasm, cells from the different biological domains and kingdoms can differ widely in the characteristics of their cytoplasms.
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Cytoplasm is a gelatinous, semi-transparent fluid that fills most cells. Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus that is kept separate from the cytoplasm by a double membrane layer. The cytoplasm has three major elements; the cytosol, organelles and inclusions. The cytosol is the gooey, semi-transparent fluid in which the other cytoplasmic elements are suspended. Cytosol makes up about 70% of the cell and is composed of water, salts, organic molecules, and enzymes that are necessary for the cell to catalyze reactions.[1] The organelles are the metabolic machinery of the cell and are like little organs themselves. The major organelles that are suspended in the cytosol consists of the mitochondria, proteins, ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and the cytoskeleton.
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Cytoplasm is basically the substance that fills the cell. It is a jelly-like material that is eighty percent water and usually clear in color. It is more like a viscous (thick) gel than a watery substance, but it liquefies when shaken or stirred. Cytoplasm, which can ... be referred to as cytosol, means cell substance. This name is very fitting because cytoplasm is the substance of life that serves as a molecular soup in which all of the cell's organelles are suspended and held together by a fatty membrane. The cytoplasm is found inside the cell membrane, surrounding the nuclear envelope and the cytoplasmic organelles.
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The use of the Cytoplasm to Nucleus Translocation BioApplication to characterize the activation and nuclear translocation of the transcription factor NFkB in HeLa cells is shown below. HeLa cells plated in 96 well microplates were treated with varying concentration of interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1a) for up to 40 minutes. Cells were then fixed and stained using the reagents and protocol in the NFkB Activation HitKit HCS Reagent Kit. Figure 1 shows the translocation of NFkB from the cytoplasm (Panel B) to the nucleus (Panel C) following incubation of the cells with IL-1a. Figure 2 shows a dose response (left panel) plot of translocation of NFkB to the nucleus with different doses of IL-1a and the time course (right panel) of NFkB translocation following stimulation of HeLa cells with 1 ng/ml of IL-1a. The combination of HitKit HCS Reagent Kits and the Cytoplasm to Nucleus Translocation BioApplication provides a suite a validated assays for screening for kinase and transcription factor activity in the context of intact cells for higher quality information.
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Cytoplasm is defined as the material that lies within the cytoplasmic membrane, or the membrane that surrounds a cell. It contains none of a cell's genetic material, because this is contained in the nucleus. It does... contain a lot of water, and the other organelles of the cells. It provides a platform upon which they can operate within the cell. It is made up of proteins, vitamins, ions, nucleic acids, amino acids, sugars, carbohydrates and fatty acids. All of the functions for cell expansion, growth and replication are carried out in the cytoplasm of a cell.
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Cytoplasm