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Cystitis: Infections
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Cystitis is usually treated with antibiotics. Before prescribing antibiotics, the doctor determines whether the person has a condition that would make cystitis more severe, such as diabetes or a weakened immune system (which reduces the person's ability to fight infection), or more difficult to eliminate, such as a structural abnormality. Such conditions may require more potent antibiotics taken for a longer period of time, particularly because the infection is likely to return as soon as the person stops taking antibiotics.
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A case of cystitis due to Toxoplasma gondii infection in a patient with AIDS has been reported. Pelvic CT and MRI demonstrated thickening of the bladder wall and seminal vesicles. Cystoscopic results confirmed intravesical proliferation with a pseudoneoplastic appearance. The diagnosis of Toxoplasma cystitis was confirmed by the discovery of Toxoplasma cysts on histologic examination of bladder biopsies. Toxoplasma cystitis is a rare cause of pseudoneoplastic bullous cystitis in HIV-seropositive patients.
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Other Infections - Vaginal infections like thrush can cause symptoms similar to an attack of cystitis by irritating the urethra, which is close to the vagina. Itching and a thick, white discharge are more likely to be symptoms of thrush. Germs which cause sexually transmitted infections like chlamydia and herpes may ... cause cystitis
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Gangrenous cystitis is rare when the bladder epithelium is necrotic and ulcerated, and it forms a pseudomembranous cast of the bladder wall, which may detach itself. The causes include virulent bladder infections, particularly in cases involving immunocompromise, arterial ischemia, trauma, pressure necrosis from prolonged labor, chronic overdistension of the bladder, and intravesical corrosive agents. The necrosis may sometimes involve the bladder wall, leading to perforation.
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Other – Exposure to cold appears to increase the risk of cystitis in women with a history of recurrent infection (7). Personal hygiene practices (wiping from back to front when going to the toilet), taking baths and wearing tight pants or pantyhose have all been hypothesised as increasing the risk of cystitis. Although there is little conclusive evidence that these behaviours contribute to cystitis it is plausible.
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While men develop cystitis much less frequently than women, their infections tend to be more severe. Cystitis in men are often caused by an obstruction (e.g. a urinary stone) or an enlarged prostate.
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