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Cystitis: Bladder
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Cystitis is an inflammation of the bladder, usually caused by a bacterial infection. It is a common condition, with more than 30% of women experiencing at least one episode in their lifetime (1). Cystitis occurs when bacteria enters the urethra and travels to the bladder (see diagram below). The bacteria most commonly associated with cystitis is Escherichia coli (E.coli). E. coli is found naturally in the bowel and, in smaller numbers, in the vagina and on the skin between the anus and the vagina (perineum) (2).
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Cystitis is a disease of the urinary bladder. Its primarily an infection of the urinary bladder. It is known to affect a person of any sex and at any age, but is most commonly found in women. It is usually caused by a bacteria as it enters the urethra and is commonly known as bacterial urinary tract infection (UTI). It has the potential of becoming a serious health problem if the infection is allowed to spread to the kidney.
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Cystitis occurs when the lower urinary tract (urethra and bladder) is infected by bacteria and becomes irritated and inflamed. More than 85% of cases of cystitis are caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli) , a bacteria found in the lower gastrointestinal tract. Sexual intercourse may increase the risk of cystitis because bacteria can pass from the urethra to the bladder during sexual activity. When you urinate, you help remove bacteria from the bladder. If the bacteria grows faster than it is removed by urination, an infection results.
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Cystitis may result from infection in other parts connected with or adjacent to the bladder such as the kidneys, the urethra the vagina, or the prostate gland. There may be local irritation and inflammation in the bladder if urine is retained there for an unduly long time. Cystitis may ... results from acute constipation. Other conditions like an infected kidney, stones in the kidneys or bladder, or an enlarged prostate may also lead to this disorder.
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Cystitis is common in women, but it is less common and a potentially more serious condition for men. For men the cause can be an underlying bladder or prostate infection, an obstruction or tumour, or an enlarged prostate. It's not usually serious if treated quickly, but the discomfort can be chronic and disabling. Untreated bladder infections can cause kidney or prostate infections and damage. Sexually active gay men are more likely to get cystitis than other males.
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Cystitis is common in women, particularly during the reproductive years. Some women have recurring episodes of cystitis. There are a number of reasons why women are susceptible, including the short length of the urethra and the closeness of the urethra to the vagina and anus, where bacteria are commonly found. Sexual intercourse can contribute, too, because the motion can cause a tendency for bacteria to reach the urethra, from which they ascend to the bladder. Pregnant women are especially likely to develop cystitis because the pregnancy itself can interfere with emptying of the bladder.
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