LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Cysticercosis: Patients
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Soemmering reported the first case of ocular cysticercosis in 1830. The larva was demonstrated and extracted by Schott in 1836.[5] Ocular or adnexal involvement occurs in 13-46% of infected patients. While the most common site of localisation reported in Western studies is the posterior, in the Indian literature the ocular adnexa is the most common site. [6],[7],[8]In a study reported by Kruger-Leite et al , 35% of the cysts were found in the subretinal space, 22% in the vitreous, 22% in the subconjunctival space, 5% in the anterior segment, and only 1% in the orbit.[9]
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An extremely rare case of extradural spinal cysticercosis in an adult male is presented. The patient had evidence of extradural granulation tissue with associated destruction of C4 and C5 pedicles and laminae, causing tetraparesis. Histopathological examination revealed evidence of a degenerated cysticercal cyst with host tissue reaction. The patient made a gradual and marked improvement after decompression. Though rare, cysticercosis as a possible etiology of extradural spinal compression may be considered in endemic area.
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In 1999, Salinas et al reviewed the literature on the medical treatment of parenchymal cysticercosis with anti-helminthics. He found only four small trials with a total of 359 subjects of which 21% were lost to follow-up. In all cases the diagnosis was made radiologically and the cases were evaluated comparing placebo and treatment groups. Two of these studies merely dealt with radiologic improvement, but did not report clinical outcome. The other two studies showed no difference in seizure activity between the two groups, but one study did show an increase in the development of hydrocephalus in the post treatment group for.Also, only one of the studies treated the patients with steroids to prevent post treatment edema at the site of the encysted cysticercus larva.9
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The histopathological examination revealed cysticercosis cellulosae in the tongue musculature [Figure - 1]. It was characterised by a scolex and epithelium lined tortuous body canal continuous with outer cystic layer [Figure - 2]. The cyst was enclosed by a thick fibrous capsule infiltrated with lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils and giant cell granulations. The postoperative period was uneventful. The patient is being followed up regularly and is monitored for any neurological or ophthalmic signs and symptoms. He was given Albendazole 200mg TDS for thirty days.
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The frequency of symptomatic cerebral arteritis in patients with cysticercosis is not well known. In pathological studies, the presence of endarteritis in the vessels located in the vicinity of the parasite is a well-recognized phenomenon.4 The frequency of cerebral infarction related to cysticercotic arteritis varies in published series between 2% and 12%.4 5 16 17 18 19 20 21 In the present series, 53% of all patients with subarachnoid cysticercosis had angiographically documented cerebral arteritis, most of them symptomatic (80%). Interestingly, one in five patients with subarachnoid cysticercosis could have asymptomatic cerebral arteritis. The natural history of this form of arteritis is not known. Otherwise, 15% of those patients without evidence of cerebral arteritis after cerebral arteriography had a stroke syndrome, probably the result of small-vessel involvement, as has been previously recognized.5
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A total of 10 patients who were diagnosed to have cysticercosis of the eye from April 2003 to March 2004 at JIPMER, Pondicherry, India, were included in the study.The age, gender and mode of presentation were recorded. Detailed ophthalmologic examinations including visual acuity, slit lamp biomicroscopy, direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy were performed for each eye. Hertel's exopthalmometry and diplopia charting were done wherever required. Ultrasonography (A and B scan) was performed and clinical photographs were taken in all cases.
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