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Cubism
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Cubism was a new way of representing reality in art invented by Picasso and Braque from1907-8. A third core Cubist was Juan Gris. The generally agreed beginning of Cubism was Picasso's celebrated Demoiselles D'Avignon of 1907. The name seems to have derived from the comment of the critic Louis Vauxcelles that some of Braque's paintings exhibited in Paris in 1908 showed everything reduced to 'geometric outlines, to cubes'. Cubism was partly influenced by the late work of Cézanne in which he can be seen to be painting things from slightly different points of view. Picasso was ... influenced by African tribal masks which are highly stylised, or non-naturalistic, but nevertheless present a vivid human image.
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Cubism was one of the most influential movement in Western art this century. Beginning with the revolutionary experiments of Picasso and Braque in Paris between 1906 and 1908, cubism gathered momentum and soon spread to the rest of Europe and America. The movement’s rejection of illusionistic representation in favour of an autonomous pictorial language opened the way to abstraction. The Cubists ... invented papier collé and collage and pioneered a new approach to sculpture, innovations that are still being explored today. This book presents a wide cross-section of all these developments, and its 48 full-page colour plates, commentaries and black-and-white illustrations of comparative works provide a perfect introduction to Cubism.
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Cubism has roots in Pointillism, Fauvism, and traditional folk sculpture from Africa. Cubists created an abstract, non-representational method of painting to depict three dimensional objects on a two dimensional plane while preserving multiple perspectives. Europeans were importing African figures to study ethnology, but Picasso and Braque valued the nude figurines and masks from an artistic view. They were drawn to the way masks were abstracted and dramatized faces. Also, Africans used natural materials such as wood that inspired cubists to utilize earth tone colors of browns and greens.
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Cubism had a major impact on artists of the first decades of the 20th century and it gave rise to development of new trends in art like: futurism, constructivism and expressionism. It remains one of the most famous art forms today. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
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During the early stages of Cubism, Picasso and Braque rarely contributed to large public exhibitions. By 1909 Picasso enjoyed sufficient support from private collectors and dealers that he no longer needed to participate in large public salons. Consequently, his early Cubist paintings were known mostly to a small group of connoisseurs and fellow artists, many of whom adopted the style and brought it to public attention. Other artists developed Cubist principles of spatial construction in new directions. Cubism provided the foundation for an astonishing variety of avant-garde styles, including Futurism, Orphism, Constructivism, and Neo-Plasticism. Its influence appears ubiquitously in 20th-century art and design, from the International Style in architecture to Abstract Expressionism and other art movements.
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Cubism was taken up by many artists in Montparnasse and promoted by art dealer Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler, becoming popular so quickly that by 1911 critics were referring to a "cubist school" of artists. However, many of the artists who thought of themselves as cubists went in directions quite different from Braque and Picasso. The Puteaux Group was a significant offshoot of the Cubist movement; it included Guillaume Apollinaire, Robert Delaunay, Marcel Duchamp, his brothers Raymond Duchamp-Villon, and Jacques Villon, and Fernand Léger. Other important artists associated with cubism include: Albert Gleizes, Jean Metzinger, Marie Laurencin, Diego Rivera, Marie Vorobieff, Jeanne Rij-Rousseau, Roger de La Fresnaye, Henri Le Fauconnier, František Kupka among others.
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