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Critical Theory
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Critical Theory is Ethic and Es-K in one of the sickest emcee/producer collabs to date. At this point, Critical Theory is more than just a project or a collabo. With music created for lyrics and lyrics created for the music, CT's fanbase is growing daily. Alt. Rap, indie rock&rap, punk and just fans of good music in general have already discovered CT's potential. Let Critical Theory influence your life and help it grow.
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Postmodernism and Critical Theory are broad rubrics for intellectual movements rather than specific theories, but they are essential parts of social semiotic analysis. Postmodernism derives from Post-Structuralism and Deconstructionism, which were initially criticisms of the Structuralist movement of the 1960s. Critical theory derives from neo-Marxism and Feminist theory, extended to include Post-colonial theory and Queer theory.
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In its initial phases Critical Theory attempted to develop a normative notion of “real democracy” that was contrasted with actual political forms in liberal societies. A democratic society would be rational, because in it individuals could gain “conscious control” over social processes that affect them and their life chances. To the extent that such an aim is possible at all, it required that human beings become “producers of their social life in its totality” (Horkheimer 1982, 244). Such a society then becomes a “true” or expressive totality, overcoming the current “false totality,” an antagonistic whole in which the genuine social needs and interests cannot be expressed or developed (Jay 1984). Such a positive, expressivist ideal of a social whole is not... antiliberal, since it shares with liberalism the commitment to rationalism and universalism. The next phase in the development of Critical Theory took up the question of antidemocratic trends.
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Critical Theory began as a label used by members of the Institute for Social Research of Frankfurt University to describe their own work. The Institute was founded in 1923 by Max Horkheimer and closed in 1934; many of its members emigrated to New York City and helped found the New School for Social Research there. The original Frankfurt school re-opened in the 1950's and its chief modern representative is probably Jürgen Habermas.
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Critical Theory has often been associated with the Frankfurt School intellectuals who developed a critique of German fascism in the 1940s and ‘50s. Their work was situated within a broader set of cultural and historical trends, and what they established was a form of social theory that was philosophically informed and ... critically engaged with its own historical time. The Frankfurt School intellectuals recognized that philosophy had still gone missing its social component and that social theory remained insufficiently philosophical. Their project was a successor to the philosophical “critique” that had defined the European Enlightenment. “Critique” thus became an operation of a highly reflective consideration of society, offering ways to configure social life along alternative trajectories. Critical Theory sought to understand the social organization of politics, the arts, and ordinary ways of life, in order to imagine alternative social formations and to establish the grounds on which to dispute the value of some existing social forms, especially totalitarian and fascist socio-political regimes.
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In addition to co-directors Judith Butler and Martin Jay, Berkeley faculty who will teach in the new Designated Emphasis in Critical Theory include Wendy Brown, T.J. Clark, and Nelson Maldonado-Torres. Other core faculty will include Anthony J. Cascardi, Pheng Cheah, Donna Jones, Niklaus Largier, John Lie, Saba Mahmood, José Davíd Saldívar, and Hans Sluga.
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