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Conscription
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The pacifists have lifted their voice against conscription and a “No Conscription” League is in existence. But the programme of this League is limited to the resistance of conscription, and as its name indicates, is entirely negative in character. The duty imposed on its members is that of refusing to participate in war or the preparation for war. While it is necessary to recognise that this attitude proceeds from a profound distrust of the system which breeds war, it is ... necessary to point out that the fight against war is inseparable from the fight for socialism. Only the class war for the overthrow of capitalism can end wars by ending the cause of war capitalism.
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Conscription is a term for creating a compulsory army. Several countries employ conscription in order to keep their military strong including Israel, South Korea,Taiwan, and Switzerland. The United States has employed conscription, known as "the draft" during times of war, though not since the Vietnam War. In the United States during the Vietnam era, the draft was performed by lottery. All American males must register for the draft when they reach eighteen years of age.
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Conscription ... has the advantage of giving broader numbers of young workers access to weapons and military training, material and skills that will be vitally needed in the coming revolution. Thus, not only do revolutionaries prefer to face a conscripted rather than mercenary army, but we look to take advantage of moves toward conscription to demand the arming and military training of the entire working class -- a demand that can become popular, and threatening to the ruling class, at times of war when the working class of a given nation fears invasion.
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Conscription in its modern form arose in revolutionary France, where universal military service was regarded both as a Republican duty, based on the principles of equality and fraternity, and as a necessity for national survival. In August 1793, a law limited liability for service to men between the ages of 18 and 25. They registered in their localities, and the youngest were called first, the others being chosen if more men were needed. On the eve of war with Austria in 1796, France modified the procedure by instituting universal military service by age groupings for men between 20 and 25 years of age. The first age grouping consisted of men of 20 and 21 years, who provided the basic contingent of conscripts. The other age groupings served to the extent necessary to meet military requirements.
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Conscription, or compulsory military service, divided Canada in both conflicts. In the First World War, Prime Minister Robert Borden promised on New Year's Day, 1916 that Canada would maintain a military force of 500,000 men because he believed that the war was an opportunity to demonstrate to the world, especially to Britain, that Canada was a great nation. He, like so many other Canadians, believed that a nation that proved itself in war would be great in peace. There was praise for Borden in much of English Canada, since the war was for Canada a test of national character. Still, many worried that with a population not much more than 10 million people, Borden's commitment was too ambitious. At the same time, a number of Canadians, particularly within Quebec, believed that Canada had no place in the war, as it was a conflict between the imperial powers of Great Britain and Germany.
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Conscription is chosen as the most promising instrument, both of overcoming reluctance to the Service, and of subduing the difficulties which arise from the deficiencies of the Exchequer. The administration asserts the right to fill the ranks of the regular army by compulsion. It contends that it may now take one out of every twenty-five men, and any part or the whole of the rest, whenever its occasions require. Persons ... taken by force, and put into an army, may be compelled to serve there, during the war, or for life. They may be put on any service, at home or abroad, for defense or for invasion, according to the will and pleasure of Government. This power does not grow out of any invasion of the country, or even out of a state of war.
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Conscription