LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Conscription: Draft
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Conscription is a perfect example of a teacher's worst nightmare. You give students the tools necessary to survive and succeed in the outside world...you encourage individual choice...you teach them to think for themselves. Then the government comes along, drafts them, "breaks them down" in boot camp just so they can make them "army strong."
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Conscription ... offers an unnecessarily complex solution to a relatively simple problem. A draft is unable to provide a long-term supply of any skill: absent lifetime conscription, most draftees will leave when their tour ends. Nor can a draft quickly fill an unexpected need; even if the Pentagon had decided on September 12 that it wanted Pashto-speakers, it would have taken months to induct and train them. Better to rely either on civilian contractors or military reservists to find people with skills that will only unexpectedly and temporarily be in demand.
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Conscription became one of the many casualties of the Vietnam War. After President Lyndon B. Johnson committed American ground troops in 1965, draft calls soared from 100,000 in 1964 to 400,000 in 1966, enabling U.S. forces there to climb from 23,000 military advisers in 1964 to 543,000 troops by 1968.
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Historically, there has been resistance to conscription in almost every country and situation where it has been imposed. In the USA and some other countries, the Vietnam War saw new levels of opposition to conscription and the Selective Service System. Many people opposed to and facing conscription chose to either apply for classification and assignment to civilian alternative service or noncombatant service within the military as conscientious objectors, or to evade the draft by fleeing to a neutral country. A small proportion, like Muhammad Ali, chose to resist the draft by publicly and politically fighting conscription. Some people resist at the point of registration for the draft. In the USA since 1980, for example, the draft resistance movement has focused on mandatory draft registration.
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In "Conscription of Hoplites in Classical Athens," Matthew R. Christ writes about the Athenian draft. Hoplite service was compulsory in Classical Athens, although the idea of conscription seems to be at odds with the personal freedom of Athenian democracy.
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After the war, until Congress let the induction authority expire in 1947, conscription was extended to help maintain the muchâ€reduced military. Escalation of Cold War tensions led Congress to adopt a new draft law in 1948. It required twentyâ€one months of military training and service by individuals selected by their local draft boards. The Cold War military was composed of volunteers, draftees, and draftâ€induced volunteers.
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