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Cold Fusion: Stanley Pons
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[N]eutron and tritium emissions are not the most common factor of most cold fusion experiments. For the most part cold fusion reactions produce excess thermal energy, enough excess (or "latent") energy to heat the water surrounding the electrode. Heating the water is an inherent characteristic of the electrochemical fusion reaction. These reactions have produced sufficient heat to cause water to boil. If the fusion cell is pressurized, higher temperatures can be obtained, but only low-level heat can be produced since the metal lattice tends to give deuterium at higher temperatures (S. Pons and M. Fleischmann, 1989).
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The work of Dr. Robert T. Bush and Robert Eagleton and their colleagues at California Polytechnic Institute achieved one of the highest recorded levels of power density production for cold fusion --- similar to that of Drs. Fleischmann and Pons. It occurred in a thin film of palladium that was deposited on a silver electrode: almost three kilowatts per cubic centimeter came out. The is 30 times the power density of the fuel rods in a typical contemporary fission nuclear reactor. The cell produced several watts of excess power for almost two months.
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For a short time at least, it was hard to imagine a more contentious issue in fusion research than the plausibility of cold fusion. In March of 1989, two researchers at the University of Utah, Stanley Pons and Martin Fleischmann, announced the achievement of "cold fusion," or fusion at room temperature. Their experiment used an electrochemical cell with electrodes of palladium and platinum containing a solution of heavy water (water with deuterium instead of ordinary hydrogen). When a current is passed through the cell, it breaks apart the water molecules, causing deuterium atoms to collect on the palladium surface.
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In the early days of cold fusion research, when scientists were struggling and learning how to replicate the effect, there were many poorly done experiments, and many mistakes. In the weeks following the 1989 announcement by Drs. Martin Fleischmann and Stanley Pons at the University of Utah, large numbers of scientists tried to replicate the phenomenon, and failed --- or thought they had failed. They actuallymight have obtained positive results, but for various reasons falsely interpreted and improperly reported their data.
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Claims of cold fusion are no more convincing today than they were 15 years ago. That's the conclusion of the Department of Energy's fresh look at advances in extracting energy from low-energy nuclear reactions. A report released on 1 December 2004 echoes DOE's 1989 study that followed the headline-making claims of cold fusion by Stanley Pons and Martin Fleischmann.
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The physics community long ago decided that cold fusion was a crock because no one could replicate the Pons and Fleischman work, using careful scientific methods, which were published and transparent. they made a mistake and they are not willing to admit it.
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