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Clindamycin: Clindamycin Phosphate
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Clindamycin phosphate is a water soluble ester of clindamycin and phosphoric acid. Clindamycin is a semisynthetic antibiotic produced by a 7(S)-chloro-substitution of the 7(R)-hydroxyl group of the parent compound lincomycin. The molecular formula is C18H34CIN2O8PS and the molecular weight is 504.96. Clindamycin Phosphate is a semisynthetic antibiotic produced by a chloro- substitution of a hydroxyl group on the parent compound, (and ... an antibiotic) lincomycin. It occurs as a white to off-white, hygroscopic, crystalline powder. It is freely soluble in water, slightly soluble in dehydrated alcohol, very slightly soluble in acetone and practically insoluble in chloroform, benzene, and ether.
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Clindamycin phosphate topical gel, 1% is a topical antibiotic approved for the treatment of acne vulgaris. This drug belongs to the class of antibiotics known as lincosamides. By inhibiting bacteria protein synthesis at the ribosomal level (the site of protein synthesis), clindamycin is believed to kill bacteria associated with acne.
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Clindamycin phosphate has activity against a wide variety of bacteria, including the bacteria associated with acne, Propionebacterium acnes. This is a common type of bacteria that feeds on sebum produced by the sebaceous glands in the skin. It produces waste products and fatty acids that irritate the sebaceous glands, making them inflamed and causing spots.
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Clindamycin is used primarily to treat infections caused by susceptible anaerobic bacteria. Such infections might include infections of the respiratory tract, septicemia and peritonitis. In patients with hypersensitivity to penicillins, clindamycin may be used to treat infections caused by susceptible aerobic bacteria as well. It is ... used to treat bone infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Topical application of clindamycin phosphate can be used to treat moderate to severe acne.
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Clindamycin is extensively metabolised in the liver, probably by CYP3A4;[30][31] some of its metabolites are active, such as N-dimethyl clindamycin and clindamycin sulfoxide. The elimination half-life is 1.5 to 5 hours. Clindamycin is primarily eliminated by hepatic metabolism; after an intravenous dose of clindamycin phosphate, about 4.5% of the dose is excreted in urine as clindamycin and about 0.35% as the phosphate salt.[32] The metabolites are excreted primarily in the urine.[33]
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Clindamycin works by preventing the bacteria from producing proteins essential to the bacterial cell. Without these proteins the bacteria cannot grow, replicate and increase in numbers. By controlling bacterial numbers, the inflammation of the sebaceous glands is brought under control, and the skin is allowed to heal. Clindamycin phosphate prevents the bacterial cell from making protein so the cell dies. Clindamycin phosphate is used to treat gram positive and negative bacteria.
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Clindamycin Phosphate