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Clindamycin: Clindamycin Hydrochloride
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Clindamycin hydrochloride is the hydrated hydrochloride salt of clindamycin. Clindamycin is a semisynthetic antibiotic produced by a 7(S)-chloro-substitution of the 7(R)-hydroxyl group of the parent compound lincomycin. Clindamycin is an antibiotic of the “lincosamide” class and possesses similar properties to its sister compound “lincomycin.” It interferes with the production of proteins that the bacteria need to multiply and divide. This inhibits the ability of the bacteria to grow (bacteriostatic) and therefore stops the spread of the infection. Clindamycin has a similar range of antibacterial activity to the penicillins and is useful as an alternative antibiotic in those people who are allergic to penicillins or for infections caused by bacteria called staphylococci that have become resistant to penicillin. In addition it is active against anaerobes (bacteria that are able to live and grow in the absence of free oxygen).
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Clindamycin, the active ingredient in ANTIROBE® (clindamycin hydrochloride) products, is a unique and highly effective antibiotic. It safely and quickly accumulates at the site of infection while it maintains high concentrations that fight susceptible aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
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Clindamycin hydrochloride has been shown to have neuromuscular blocking properties that may enhance the action of other neuromuscular blocking agents. Therefore, clindamycin hydrochloride should be used with caution in animals receiving such agents.
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Serum level studies with a 150 mg oral dose of Clindamycin hydrochloride in 24 normal adult volunteers showed that Clindamycin was rapidly absorbed after oral administration. An average peak serum level of 2.50 mcg/mL was reached in 45 minutes; serum levels averaged 1.51 mcg/mL at 3 hours and 0.70 mcg/mL at 6 hours. Absorption of an oral dose is virtually complete (90%), and the concomitant administration of food does not appreciably modify the serum concentrations; serum levels have been uniform and predictable from person to person and dose to dose. Serum level studies following multiple doses of Clindamycin hydrochloride for up to 14 days show no evidence of accumulation or altered metabolism of drug.
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Clindamycin preparations for oral administration include capsules (containing clindamycin hydrochloride) and oral suspensions (containing clindamycin palmitate hydrochloride). It is ... available for topical administration, in gel form and in a foam delivery system (both containing clindamycin phosphate), primarily as a prescription acne treatment. It is also available in the form of vaginal suppositories, in combination with Clotrimazole IP, as in India, sold as "Clinsup-V" and is manufactured by Olive Health Care. The combination of clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide in a single product is also available, as is (in the United States) a combination of clindamycin and tretinoin, sold as Ziana.[25]
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Clindamycin is indicated in the treatment of serious infections caused by susceptible anaerobic bacteria. Clindamycin is ... indicated in the treatment of serious infections due to susceptible strains of streptococci, pneumococci, and staphylococci. Its use should be reserved for penicillin-allergic patients or other patients for whom, in the judgment of the physician, a penicillin is inappropriate. Because of the risk of colitis, as described in the WARNING box, before selecting clindamycin the physician should consider the nature of the infection and the suitability of less toxic alternatives (eg, erythromycin). Clindamycin Hydrochloride is active in vitro and in vivo against most aerobic gram-positive cocci and several anaerobic and microaerophilic gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. In vitro Clindamycin inhibits all P. acnes cultures tested.
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Clindamycin Hydrochloride