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Cleopatra: Cleopatra Vi
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The principal ancient sources on Cleopatra are Plutarch and Dion Cassius. H. Volkmann, Cleopatra: A Study in Politics and Propaganda (1953; trans. 1958), offers a well-balanced and penetrating analysis of the political implications of Cleopatra's relations with Julius Caesar and Antony. Arthur Weigall, The Life and Times of Cleopatra (1914; new ed. 1923), and Oscar von Wertheimer, Cleopatra: A Royal Voluptuary (trans. 1931), overemphasize Cleopatra's domination of Antony. In S. A. Cook and others, eds., The Cambridge Ancient History, vol. 10 (1934), W. W. Tarn views Cleopatra as dominated more by ambition for empire than by love.
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The master showman Cecil B. DeMille's Cleopatra (1934) is a modernistic 1930s costume spectacle that reshapes the Cleopatra story - the kind of film for which DeMille was best known. Unarguably, the Paramount Studios film is campy, grandiose and unreal and ludicrous historically - filled with DeMille's usual mixture of sin and sex. Sexually-suggestive costumes adorn most of the female characters. The film's screenplay by Waldemar Young and Vincent Lawrence was based on an adaptation of historical material by Barlett Cormack. The 20th Century Fox extravagant, four-hour version of the same film, Cleopatra (1963) starring Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton, nearly bankrupted the studio.
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War started between Cleopatra VII and Ptolemy XIII when Cleopatra VII spent the night with Caesar (Daniels 2). PtolemyXIII was defeated and killed after a few battles in Alexandria with the arrival of Roman reinforcements (Last Pharaoh 1). The Alexandrian War soon evolved between Arsinoe IV and Caesar, who returned Cyprus to Egypt. Arsinoe IV and Ptolemy XIV were named rulers (Daniels 2). Arsinoe believed that she should be the Queen of Egypt because of her alliance with Ptolemy XIII against Caesar (Daniels 2).
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Cleopatra VII took the throne alone at the death of her father in Spring 51 BC. She was at the time the oldest child of Auletes, since two older sisters had died. She was subsequently co-ruler with two of her brothers, Ptolemy XIII, who opposed the Roman domination, and Ptolemy XIV. Since the Ptolomaic throne was transmited in (matrilinear) fashion, the Kings had to marry their sisters in order to be qualified to rule. Following the deaths of her brothers she named her eldest son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion (44-30 BC).
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In 69 BC, Cleopatra VII was born into the House of Ptolemy - a family of liars, thieves, snobs, murderers and gluttons who were isolated from and despised by the native Egyptians. In order to keep the natives in their place, Ptolemy XII (Cleopatra's father) had to beg money and troops from Rome, which had taken the place of Greece as the dominant world power. On one of his trips to Rome, Cleopatra's eldest sister took over the throne. She was assassinated and the next daughter in line took the throne. When dad returned, he brought plenty of Roman soldiers and took the throne back, then he executed his daughter.
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Cleopatra VII was restored to the thrown and married her other brother, Ptolemy XIV in forty-seven BC, directly in rule of Cyprus (Daniels 2). Cleopatra VII was pregnant with Caesar's baby after giving a tour of her country on the Nile(Last Pharaoh 1). Caesar had a daughter named Julia, but had affairs with women, never producing kids (Daniels 2). Cleoapatra VII bore his son, Ptolemy XV Caesar, popularly called "Caesarion", meaning "Little Caesar" in forty-seven BC (Cleopatra (69-30 BC) 1). Cleopatra VII was ... worshipped as Pharoah in Dendara on their two month trip along the Nile (Volkmann 2).
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