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Clara Barton: Red Cross
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Later called "the angel of the battlefield," Clara Barton began attending to wounded Union soldiers after the early losses at Bull Run, and her courage in the face of danger soon became legendary. Recognizing the soldiers’ dire need for medical supplies, Barton began orchestrating donations and distributing necessary medicines and materials. Years later, the diminutive nurse went on to found the American Red Cross, affiliated with the International Red Cross.
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In 1869 Clara Barton traveled to Geneva, Switzerland as a member of the International Red Cross. In 1880 the American Red Cross was established, the culmination of a decade of work by Barton. She served as the organization’s first president until 1904 and continued her tradition of philanthropy as a volunteer in Cuba during the Spanish-American War.
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Twenty years before founding the American Red Cross, Clara Barton came to the aid of soldiers fighting in the Civil War. At the war's outbreak, Barton worked as a U.S. Patent Office clerk and collected provisions and medical supplies for the Union Army. Restless with her limited role and undeterred by War Department regulations and prevailing stereotypes, Barton became known as the "Angel of the Battlefield" as she distributed supplies and tended to the wounded and dying. Barton kept these notes during the course of the war, which documented the appalling carnage and medical conditions of the wounded transported to Fredericksburg from the Wilderness campaign.
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The Clara Barton National Historic Site commemorates the life of Clara Barton, founder of the American Red Cross. The house in Glen Echo, Maryland, served as her home, headquarters for the American Red Cross and a warehouse for disaster relief supplies. From this 38-room house, she organized and directed relief efforts from 1897 until 1904. The Clara Barton National Historic Site was established as a unit of the National Park Service in 1975 and is administered by the George Washington Memorial Parkway.
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Clara Barton settled in Danville, N.Y., where for several years she was a semi-invalid. In 1877 she wrote a founder of the International Red Cross, offering to lead an American branch of the organization. Thus, at 56 she began a new career.
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Clara Barton: "The True Heroine of the Age" - Page 1 of Clara Barton's biography covers the first half of her life, from childhood to the Civil War. Page 2 concludes her life story, detailing her years of work with the American Red Cross.
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