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Civil Disobedience
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Civil Disobedience is an essay by Henry David Thoreau that was first published in 1849. It argues that people should not permit governments to overrule or atrophy their consciences, and that people have a duty to avoid allowing such acquiescence to enable the government to make them the agents of injustice. Thoreau was motivated in part by his disgust with slavery and the Mexican-American War.
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Civil Disobedience (CD) is the deliberate, open violation of a law held to be unjust and the willing acceptance of the prescribed punishment. CD can ... be referred to as Nonviolent Direct Action when the action taken is considered to be illegal or challenges a law. Civil Resistance is also sometimes used interchangeably with CD by those that see the stated law as being in violation of a more fundamental “higher” law; therefore it is not a matter of “disobedience” against a law but of resistance to an injustice.
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What is there in "Civil Disobedience" or in your reading that you have most trouble understanding? Did your first reaction to the text raise questions for you that led you to analyze and interpret? How did those first responses guide your thinking?
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To the establishment media, Civil Disobedience, has an unsavory reputation. It is portrayed as, and hence calls to mind, riots, mobs, fire bombings, as happened in 1994 in the Crenshaw area of Los Angeles after the acquittal of the police officers who had mauled Rodney King.
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In perhaps his most famous essay, “Civil Disobedience” (1849), the American author Henry David Thoreau set forth the basic tenets of civil disobedience for the first time. The individual, Thoreau claimed, is “a higher and independent power,” from which the state obtains its power. Civil disobedience was later practiced by pacifists and by individuals devoted to such causes as woman suffrage and prohibition. Two notable examples of progress were achieved through the practice of civil disobedience in the mid-20th century. The first, the independence of India, was largely a result of Mohandas Gandhi's programs of satyagraha (Sanskrit for “truth and firmness”), which followed the principle of nonviolent resistance to British colonial laws. The second involved civil rights legislation in the United States, in which the nonmilitant efforts of Martin Luther King, Jr., played a primary role.
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"Civil Disobedience" originated as a Concord Lyceum lecture delivered on January 26, 1848. It was published as "Resistance to Civil Government," in May of 1849, in Elizabeth Peabody's Aesthetic Papers, a short-lived periodical that never managed a second issue. The modern title comes from A Yankee in Canada, with Anti-Slavery and Reform Papers, an 1866 collection of Thoreau's work. It's not known if Thoreau ever used the term "civil disobedience."
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Civil Disobedience