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Citizenship: Countries
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An important note is there does not exist an “Application for Dual citizenship” in addition, there does not exist a “Certificate” issued confirming that you hold dual citizenship. Dual citizenship occurs because citizenship can be obtained in several different ways, through country of birth or naturalization; or through parents, grandparents or, in certain cases, marriage. Certain countries grant citizenship to person, even if they have not applied for it. Canada, for example, automatically grants citizenship to children born outside of Canada to Canadian parents. These children may ... be granted citizenship from their country of birth resulting in dual citizenship without their having to petition for it.
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Jefferson's view slowly supplanted Adams's view, but out of the Constitution emerged at least two explosive disagreements over who merited citizenship. One was over the status of women; the other was over the status of African Americans. After the adoption of the Constitution, there was an erosion of the civil rights of women throughout the country. In those states where women had once been able to hold public office or even vote, women were denied access to polling places. In general, women were held to have rights only through their relationship to husbands or close male kin. This sparked a branching in the abolitionist movement, as women abolitionists tied liberty for slaves to civil rights for women.
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Dual citizenship can result from naturalization, which is the legal way in which people change their citizenship. Internal law protects naturalized citizens as long as they live in their new country. But they may lose their new citizenship if they return to the country of their birth and remain for a long time. In wartime, a serious problem could arise if both countries demand their services in the armed forces.
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Today, holding citizenship in more than one country has become more common. People may have dual citizenship by operation of different laws rather than by choice. For example, a child born in a foreign country to US citizen parents may be both a US citizen and a citizen of the country of birth.
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In recent years, some intergovernmental organizations have extended the concept and terminology associated with citizenship to the international level, where it is applied to the totality of the citizens of their constituent countries combined. Two examples are given below, of citizenship in the European Union, and ... of citizenship within the Commonwealth of Nations. Citizenship at this level is a secondary concept, with rights deriving from national citizenship.
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Marriage between citizens of two states produces either dual citizenship or statelessness if one state provides that a wife take the nationality of her husband while the other does not. Naturalization leads to dual nationality if the country of former nationality refuses to permit its citizenship to be lost or renounced. Deprivation or loss of citizenship means statelessness to an individual who has not become a national of any other country.
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