LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Cigarettes: Tobacco
built 628 days ago
At first, all cigarettes were rolled manually, whether by the individual smoker or by shop workers, who rolled and glued cigarettes before they were packaged. Baron Josef Huppmann was an integral figure in modernizing early cigarette production. He established the Ferme cigarette factory in St. Petersburg, Russia in 1850 and opened a branch in Dresden, Germany in 1872. Ten years later he ... established the Monopal cigarette works in New York City. In the 1850s, Englishman Robert Peacock Gloag manufactured cigarettes with Turkish tobacco and yellow tissue paper. Gloag's method used a thin metal tube to feed crushed tobacco into a paper cylinder, forming a cigarette.
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While some youth believe that smokeless tobacco is a safe alternative to cigarettes, research demonstrates its many dangers. According to the National Cancer Institute, chewing tobacco and snuff contain 28 carcinogens and raises the chances of oral cancer, as well as head and neck cancers. Recent research at Wake Forest University ... links its use to an increased incidence of breast cancer, alarming news for teen girls drawn to its use to encourage weight loss. Female teens are believed to use smokeless tobacco as an appetite suppressant, for the nicotine ``buzz'' and because of peer pressure.
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The most important component of cigarettes is tobacco, which grows in two varieties:Nicotiana tabacum, or cultivated tobacco, and Nicotiana rustica, or wild tobacco. Native to the western hemisphere, the plant is now widely grown in countries such as China, India, Brazil, the former Soviet Union, Turkey, and the U.S. About one third of the tobacco cultivated in the U.S. is exported. North Carolina is the leading domestic grower, followed by Kentucky, South Carolina, Tennessee; Virginia, and Georgia, all of which have favorable soil and climates for tobacco growing. The plant does best in light and sandy loam soils that drain well and permit good aeration. The tobacco plant requires a frost-free growing season of 100-130 days; ... it tends to be cultivated within 50 degrees latitude of the equator.
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About one in three Wisconsin teen-agers smokes cigarettes and most know that smoking is bad for them, a University of Wisconsin researcher says. What they don't know is how hard it will be for them to quit, says Ann Schensky, who works for the UW-Madison Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention. . . Schensky's work on teen smoking was reported on in the current issue of the Wisconsin Medical Journal. . . "Kids are like adults. It might take them four or five attempts to kick the habit. In the meantime, their peers are likely to keep urging them to keep smoking," she said.
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Tobacco plants engineered with 22nd Century's technology are capable of delivering various nicotine levels--from virtually none to greater than twice the levels of conventional tobacco varieties presently used in commercial cigarettes. New and autonomous plant lines can be created with even small incremental variations in their respective nicotine contents. These new cultivars will facilitate and expedite advanced tobacco breeding, better tobacco blending, new product development, and cigarette product testing.
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The earliest forms of cigarettes have been attested in Central America around the 9th century in the form of reeds and smoking tubes. The Maya, and later the Aztecs, smoked tobacco and various psychoactive drugs in religious rituals and frequently depicted priests and deities smoking on pottery and temple engravings. The cigarette, and the cigar, were the most common method of smoking in the Caribbean, Mexico and Central and South America until recent times.[5]
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