LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Airways
built 643 days ago
Veterinarians usually diagnose chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on history and clinical signs such as "heaving," coughing, wheezing, and nasal discharge. The veterinarian may ... use an endoscope to visually examine the airways for evidence of inflammation or accumulated mucus.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a lung disease in which the lung is damaged, making it hard to breathe. In COPD, the airways - the tubes that carry air in and out of your lungs are partly obstructed, making it difficult to get air in and out.
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COPD is ... known as CORD, COAD, COLD, and many other acronyms, these three are short for chronic obstructive respiratory, airways, or lung disease. CAL refers to the same disease, and stands for chronic airway limitation.
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Saetta and coworkers (11) quantified the number of goblet cells and inflammatory cells in the epithelium of peripheral airways in ten smokers with symptoms of chronic bronchitis and COPD, six smokers without symptoms, and nine non-smoking controls. The patients with chronic bronchitis and COPD had increased number of goblet cells, total leukocytes, CD45+ cells, macrophages, and CD8+ cells in the epithelium of peripheral airways. The authors conclude that smokers with symptoms of both chronic bronchitis and chronic airflow limitation have an increased number of goblet cells and inflammatory cells in the epithelium of the peripheral airways.
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The best tests for determining the presence of COPD and managing its response to treatment are pulmonary function tests. The gold standard test is spirometry. Spirometry measures the volume and force of air as it is exhaled from the lungs. It measures airway obstruction, can identify COPD early, and is a standardized test that is reproducible anywhere it is performed.
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COPD never really goes away, which is why it’s called "chronic." You can... take steps to protect your airways and improve your breathing. Your doctor can provide invaluable help, but most of the work will be up to you. You can do a lot to manage your COPD and maintain your quality of life.
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