LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Chinese (Eastern)
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Chinese (Eastern) also shows up in the Retriever categories:
Chinese (In Translation) , and more.
Chinese (In Translation) , and more.
While the cultural influences of the Chinese have been numerous, their role in building the West, particularly California, is perhaps their greatest contribution. When the Central Pacific Railroad began construction of the western end of the transcontinental railroad in 1863, the Chinese labor force was in great demand. On May 10, 1869, when the tracks of the Central Pacific joined the tracks of the Union Pacific at Promontory, U., over 90% of the construction crew was Chinese. When the transcontinental railroad was completed, many Chinese turned to the California farmlands. By 1884 more than 50% of all California farm laborers were Chinese. The Chinese were ... instrumental in building the West Coast's fishing, garment, shoe, and cigar industries.
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As the sources in this module illustrate, this fundamental distinction between the Western and the Chinese was expressed in both implicit and explicit ways in the foreign press. Chinese women became representative objects for Western observers, proof of the failings of Chinese culture and the necessity of Christian conversion. Described as victims of their own society, in these pieces Chinese women were in fact victims of a foreign pen, deprived of any agency in their own existence and judged with a sympathy born of arrogance.
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While Chinese immigrants supplied much of the backbreaking labor for the early economic development of California, the construction of transcontinental railroad saw the first wide scale use of Chinese labor outside California. The project was exceedingly labor intensive and this tremendous labor demand could not be met by white labor. An estimated 14,000 Chinese worked on the building of the transcontinental railroad as well as trunk lines throughout the western United States. After the completion of the transcontinental rail link, the Chinese settled in western railroad towns and mining communities (Chin 4). Indeed, until 1880, the Chinese numerically dominated Butte, Montana, the other great nineteenth-century America’s copper district (Chin 5).
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Indian, Pakistani, and Chinese made up the largest non-white ethnic groups in Rushmoor; Indian, Black Caribbean and Chinese were the largest groups in Basingstoke. However, each of these groups amounted to less than one per cent of the district populations. Numerically, the only two groups to exceed one thousand people are the 1,190 people of Indian ethnic origin in Basingstoke, and 1,010 people ... of Indian ethnic origin in Eastleigh.
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The representations of Chinese women in these journalistic accounts bear uncanny similarities to popular conceptions about the “place” of women in Confucian societies today—primarily that they are passive, obedient, and oppressed. A guided critical analysis of samples from 19th-century Western writing about Chinese women is one means of confronting popular stereotypes about Chinese/Asian women that abound in Western culture.
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Drawing upon wide-ranging case study material, the book explores the ever-changing personal and cultural identity of Chinese migrants and the diverse cosmopolitan communities they create. The various models of newly-forged communities are examined with the added dimension of personal identity and the individual's place in society. With particular emphasis on the changing face of Chinese ethnicity in a range of established places of convergence, Chan draws on extensive experience and knowledge in the field to bring the reader a fresh, fascinating and ultimately very human analysis of migration, culture, identity and the self.
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Chinese (Eastern)