LYCOS RETRIEVER 
China: China Program
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The Great Leap Forward, an economic program aimed at making China a major industrial power overnight, was underway by 1958. It featured the expansion of cooperatives into communes, which disrupted family life but offered a maximum use of the labor force. The industrialization program was pushed too fast, resulting in the overproduction of inferior goods and the deterioration of the industrial plant. At the same time, agriculture was neglected. Many scholars have said that this neglect, rather than poor weather conditions as asserted by the government, caused the three successive crop failures of 1959–61; the widespread famine that resulted was responsible for from 15 million to as many as 55 million deaths.
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To upgrade China's launch vehicles. This would be achieved by improving the performance and reliability of the Long-March group, while simultaneously developing a new generation of expendable launch vehicles using non-toxic, high-performance propellants with lower operating costs (CZ-NGLV-522/HO). This enormous program encountered significant technical delays, and by 2007 was several years behind schedule.
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[O]f the major shifts in military strategy described above, China has embarked on an ambitious military modernization program. China's economic growth has been key in the implementation of this program. However, due to the secrecy surrounding military matters, the actual size of military spending has been hard to determine. Officially, China's 1996 defence budget was $8.7 billion US.[16] Independent estimates vary from $8 billion US to $100 billion US.[17] Regardless of the independent estimates, the official Chinese defence budgets reveal a 200 percent increase from 1988.[18]
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China has launched an ambitious futuristic weapons development program, including high energy microwave beam-weapons, ship-based laser cannon and space-based weaponry to destroy communication and reconnaissance satellites. The country is the greatest source of proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and missile technology. History has shown that China is not averse to using force in order to achieve its aims, and its attitude towards its neighbors is a constant source of concern.
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The Thomas Jefferson School of Law Center for Global Legal Studies, in cooperation with one of the most prestigious universities in China, Zhejiang University College of Law, presents a three-week International and Comparative Law Study Abroad Program in Hangzhou, China. The theme for the 2008 China Program is “International Business Law: Theory and Practice.” Special guest speakers in 2008 will include the Honorable Jiang Huiling of the Supreme Court of China and Dr. Chen Ke, Esq., a Chinese attorney for leading Shanghai law firm.
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China possesses nuclear weapons, a range of ballistic missile capabilities, and the ability to develop chemical and biological weapons. A key uncertainty is how aggressive military modernization efforts will ultimately reshape China's strategic nuclear capabilities, but U.S. deployments of missile defenses are likely to be a key variable. Another key concern is the weaponization of space. Though Chinese officials have called for an international treaty to prevent the weaponization of space, China’s ambitious space program (including its Jan. 2007 anti-satellite missile test) has raised doubts about China’s intentions in space. The United State’s willingness to sign a space treaty is likely to be another key variable.
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