LYCOS RETRIEVER 
China: China Program
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China's development of anti-satellite (ASAT) capabilities has ... raised concerns about China's missile and related military space program. On 11 January 2007, China successfully carried out a test of a direct ascent anti-satellite (ASAT) weapon, by using either a DF-21 medium range solid-fueled ballistic missile or a KT-1 space launch vehicle to destroy an aging Fengyun-1C weather satellite in orbit approximately 500 miles above the Earth's surface. In addition to raising concerns within the United States and neighboring Asian countries about Chinese military intentions, the ASAT test endangers low earth orbit satellites currently in space due to the massive amount of debris the test generated.
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China restarted preliminary work on advanced manned spaceflight in July 1985. The decision came against a background of vigorous international space activity. The United States had its Strategic Defense Initiative and Space Station Freedom. The Soviet Union had its Buran shuttle system, Mir and Mir-2 space stations, and its own star wars program. Europe was developing the Hermes manned spaceplane, and Japan the Hope winged spacecraft. Even India and China were taking on ambitious space projects.
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China is ... paying attention to the importance of supporting aircraft. The plan is to use the PLAAF as an offensive force with the ability to project power into enemy territory. An in- flight refueling capability has been tested and will soon become operational.[22] An Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) aircraft program is under development with Israel.[23] In addition to aircraft, China is making a strong effort to upgrade its air defence systems. China has purchased at least four Russian SA-10 missile systems and wants to purchase more. Russia is also scheduled to deliver fifteen SA-15 missile systems, which are designed to defeat advanced weapons and cruise missiles. There is also interest in acquiring the 2S6 combined cannon/missile air defence system.[24]
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After Yuan Shikai's death in 1916, China was politically fragmented, with an internationally recognized, but virtually powerless, national government seated in Peking (modern day Beijing). Warlords in various regions exercised actual control over their respective territories. In the late 1920s, the Kuomintang, under Chiang Kai-shek, was able to reunify the country under its own control, moving the nation's capital to Nanking (modern day Nanjing) and implementing "political tutelage", an intermediate stage of political development outlined in Sun Yat-sen's program for transforming China into a modern, democratic state. Effectively, political tutelage meant one-party rule by the Kuomintang.
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China's nuclear weapons program began in 1955 and culminated in a successful nuclear test in 1964. Since then, China has conducted 45 nuclear tests, including tests of thermonuclear weaponsand a neutron bomb. The series of nuclear tests in 1995-96 prior to China's signature of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) may have resulted in a smaller and lighter warhead design for the new generation of intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) now under development. China is estimated to have about 400 strategic and tactical nuclear weapons, and stocks of fissile material sufficient to produce a much larger arsenal. China joined the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in 1984 but supplied nuclear technology and reactors to several countries of proliferation concern in the 1980s and early 1990s. Most notably, Chinese supplied design information and fissile material reportedly contributed to Pakistan’s achievement of nuclear weapons in 1998.
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SHENZHEN, China, Nov. 8 /Xinhua-PRNewswire/ -- China Security & Surveillance Technology, Inc. ("China Security") CSR, a leading provider of digital surveillance technology in China, today announced that it has signed a 10-year contract with Shandong Jiaonan City, valued at RMB 72.5 million. This contract is the first of its kind for the Company's recently launched Operating Services Division, and represents a turnkey security solution to Shandong Jiaonan's Safe City program. Under the terms of the agreement, China Security will provide equipment and installation, operating consultancy services, ongoing training, backoffice data management and future development of the program for the city government.
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