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Chester A. Arthur
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Justus D. Doenecke, The Presidencies of James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arthur (Lawrence, Kans., 1981), is the most basic study of the two presidents involved, upwardly revising their previous reputations and furnished with a complete bibliography. John A. Garraty, The New Commonwealth, 1877–1890 (New York, 1968), a brief, thorough survey of the period described, furnishes a good broad background for understanding the issues of the two administrations. Leonard D. White, The Republican Era, 1869–1901: A Study in Administrative History (New York, 1958), part of a general history of the organization and powers of the executive department, is a valuable background for understanding, in administrative terms, what was expected of presidents and the resources available to them in the period during which Garfield and Arthur served. David M. Pletcher, The Awkward Years: American Foreign Policy Under Garfield and Arthur (Columbia, Mo., 1962), is the major source for the diplomatic history of the two administrations, contending that the period marked the necessary, if sometimes clumsy, prelude to the more coherent expansionist policies of the century's end.
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Chester A. Arthur was part of the Republican Party. He was never elected! Chester ran for Vice President as James Garfield's running mate. Garfield was assassinated, so Chester A. Arthur became President.
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Chester A. Arthur (or Chet, as his friends called him) was born in Fairfield in northwestern Vermont in 1829, the son of an abolitionist Baptist minister. He graduated from Union College in Schenectady, New York in 1848, and was briefly principal of an academy in North Pownal, in the most southwestern corner of the state. Beginning in 1854, Arthur practiced law in New York City, where he defended the rights of blacks. He served as Quartermaster General of the State of New York early in the Civil War. In 1871, President Grant appointed him Collector of the Port of New York, a position that supervised thousands of jobs, which went, as was customary under the spoils system, to supporters of the local political machine.
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Chester A. Arthur, the eldest son, prepared for college at Union Village in Greenwich, and at Schenectady, and in 1845 he entered the sophomore class of Union. While in his sophomore year he taught school for a term at Schaghticoke, Rensselaer County, and a second term at the same place during his last year in college. He joined the Psi Upsilon Society, and was one of six in a class of one hundred who were elected members of the Phi Beta Kappa society, the condition of admission being high scholarship. He was graduated at eighteen years of age, in the class of 1848. While at college he decided to become a lawyer, and after graduation attended for several months a law school at Ballston Spa, returned to Lansingburg, where his father then resided, and continued his legal studies. During this period he fitted boys for college, and in 1851 he was principal of an academy at North Pownal, Bennington County, Vermont In 1854, James A. Garfield, then a student in Williams college, taught penmanship in this academy during his winter vacation.
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Chester A. Arthur was born on October 5, 1829. Although his parents gave his birthplace Fairfield, Vermont, it is likely that he was actually born in Canada where they resided. He graduated from Union College in 1848 and took a job as principal of a school. Eventually he returned to school himself and then joined a law firm in New York City. In 1859 he married Ellen Lewis Herndon.
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September 20, 1881 - Chester A. Arthur was sworn in as the 21st president of the United States, succeeding James A. Garfield, who had been assassinated. Third person to serve as president in that year; March 1881 - Hayes turned power to Garfield; July 2 - Garfield shot; September 19 - died). 1841 - Martin Van Buren, William Henry Harrison and John Tyler all held the office.
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Chester A. Arthur