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Charles V: Philip Vi
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Charles V Charles had in 1378 obtained proof of Charles of Navarre's treasonable designs. He seized the Norman towns held by the Navarrese, while Henry of Trastamara invaded Navarre, and imposed conditions of peace which rendered his lifelong enemy at last powerless. A premature attempt to amalgamate the duchy of Brittany with the French crown failed. Charles summoned the duke to Paris in 1378, and on his non-appearance committed one of his rare errors of policy by confiscating his duchy. But the Bretons rose to defend their independence, and recalled their duke. The matter was still unsettled when Charles died at Vincennes on the 16th of September 1380.
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Plus Oultre, Charles' personal motto on the gable of a Flemish house in Ghent, Charles V's birthplace. In the third act of Giuseppe Verdi's opera Ernani, the coronation of Charles as Holy Roman Emperor is presented. Charles (Don Carlo in the opera) prays before the tomb of Charlemagne. With the announcement that that he is elected as Carlo Quinto he declares an amnesty including the eponymous bandit Ernani who had followed him there to murder him as a rival for the love of the soprano. The opera, based on the Victor Hugo play, portrays Charles as a callous and cynical adventurer whose character is transformed by the election into a responsible and clement ruler.
Charles Johnson agreed to share memories of a lifetime of activism in a videotaped interview conducted by Trevor Griffey and Brooke Clark on March 3, 2005. Click here for the interview summary. To the right are streaming-video excerpts of the interview in windows media format. A high speed connection is recommended for viewing them.
In addition to these, there are other pieces of armour and armoured saddles belonging to Charles V that survive to this day. In the Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna reside two burgonets attributed to Charles V. Both are by Desiderius Helmschmid and date from around 1540. Both feature roping, raised circles, and etched decorations. Also by Desiderius Helmschmid is a three-quarter harness dating from 1543.
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A well known Flemish legend about Charles being served a beer at the village of Olen, as well as the emperor's lifelong preference of beer above wine, led to the naming of several beer varieties in his honor. The Haacht Brewery of Boortmeerbeek produces Charles Quint, while the Het Anker Brewery at Mechelen produces Gouden Carolus.[6]
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