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Charles V: King Ferdinand
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Charles V became the first French heir to use the title dauphin after the region of Dauphine was purchased by the French crown. During the war, Charles' army was lead by the very capable Bertrand du Guesclin who not only battled the English but ... successfully defeated the forces of the King of Navarre. Charles was considered a patron of the arts and he worked on restoring and enhancing the Louvre. He also supported Pope Clement VII against Pope Urban VI which was a major factor in leading to the Great Schism.
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Charles V. Willie grew up in Dallas and attended Morehouse College and Atlanta University, two historically black institutions. He entered Morehouse in 1944; he and fellow classmate Martin Luther King, Jr., were in the first early admission class. He received his doctorate from Syracuse University.
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When Charles received news of the Peace of Cambrai, he determined to go to Italy and settle Italian affairs by a personal interview with the pope. This difficult question, which had occupied him for almost a decade, was, as he thought, settled definitively. At Bologna he discussed with the pope principally two questions affecting all Christendom: the Turkish and the Lutheran. In 1521 the Turks had taken possession of Belgrade, the key to Hungary; in 1522, of Rhodes, the bulwark which had hitherto barred their way westward of the Ægean Sea. In the following year the daring pirate, Chaireddin Barbarossa, an ally of the sultan, placing himself at the head of the North African corsairs who were continually harassing the Italian and Spanish coasts, had built up a formidable power in the small Mohammedan States of the North African coast. On land the Turks had defeated the Hungarians at Mohács, and taken possession of almost the entire kingdom.
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Charles V, byname Charles the Wise, French Charles le Sage (b. 1338, Vincennes, d. 1380, Nogent-sur-Marne), king of France from 1364 who led the country in a miraculous recovery from the devastation of the first phase of the Hundred Years' War (1337-1453), reversing the disastrous Anglo-French settlement of 1360.
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Charles was born in Ghent and brought up in the Netherlands until 1517, where he was tutored by Adrian of Utrecht, later Pope Adrian VI. In 1506, on the death of his father, Charles inherited the Netherlands and Franche-Comt�. After the death of his grandfather Ferdinand in 1516, Charles became joint-king of Castile with his mother (who was insane), and ... inherited Aragon, Navarre, Granada, Naples, Sicily, Sardinia, and Spanish America. After the death of his other grandfather, Maximillian, in 1519, he inherited Hapsburg lands in Austria and was elected Holy Roman Emperor.
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Charles was now by far the most powerful sovereign in Christendom. His inherited lands far exceeded those of the Frankish Emperor Charlemagne. His territory included the Spanish kingdoms of Aragón and Castile; the Netherlands; the Italian states of Naples, Sicily, and Sardinia; Spanish conquests in America and Africa; and the Habsburg lands. He ascended the imperial throne at a time when Germany was agitated by Martin Luther. In an unsuccessful attempt to restore tranquillity, a great diet was held in Worms in 1521, before which Luther made a memorable defence of his doctrines. The diet rejected his position, and Charles subsequently issued an edict condemning Luther.
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