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Charles Darwin: Evolution
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Charles Darwin (1809-1882) was a British naturalist, who revolutionized the science of biology by his demonstration of evolution by natural selection. Darwin's On The Origin Of Species By Means Of Natural Selection, Or The Preservation Of Favoured Races In The Struggle Of Life, was published on November 24, 1859, and sold out immediately.
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For most of his adult life Charles Darwin suffered from very poor health.[16] The 1992 New Encyclopaedia Britannica stated that Darwin's illness was psychogenic in origin (A psychogenic illness is one that originates in the mind or in mental condition). [17] A 1997 article in the Journal of the American Medical Association entitled "Charles Darwin and Panic Disorder" states that the "variable intensity of symptoms and chronic, prolonged course without physical deterioration ... indicate that his illness was psychiatric." [18] In regards to illness associated with evolutionary ideas a journal article in the American Journal of Medicine states that Darwin suffered from "psychoneurosis provoked and exaggerated by his evolutionary ideas".[19] The American Journal of Medicine article also stated that his Darwin's wife, Emma, greatly disapproved of his evolutionist ideas and "This, facsimile of public reaction, must have kept lively his anxiety and torment". [20] According to the abstract for a 1997 journal article in the Notes and Records of the Royal Society the psychogenic hypothesis for the origin of Darwin's illness "holds the field" but the article questions the validity of this diagnoses and mentions the work of Ralph Colp Jr. MD, a physician and psychiatrist (For details see: Darwin's Sickness). [21][22]
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Charles Darwin did not come up with the idea of evolution, he was merely the first to come up with an explanation for how evolution worked that explained what he and other biologists saw in the world. Darwin came up with the idea of Natural Selection. This is the idea that the environment an organism lives in helps to determine which organisms survive and produce young, and which do not.
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Darwin Day is an international celebration of science and humanity held on or around February 12, the day that Charles Darwin was born on in 1809. Specifically, it celebrates the discoveries and life of Charles Darwin -- the man who first described biological evolution via natural selection with scientific rigor. More generally, Darwin Day expresses gratitude for the enormous benefits that scientific knowledge, acquired through human curiosity and ingenuity, has contributed to the advancement of humanity.
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Charles Darwin continued to publish works on evolutionary biology throughout his life. Charles lived fifteen miles from London with his wife and children in the village of Downe. Charles Darwin suffered from panic disorder and Chagas' disease contracted during his travels in South America.
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Charles Darwin closely followed the general public's reaction to his evolutionary ideas. In 2002, Richard Milner wrote an article entitled Putting Darwin in his Place and stated that Darwin "clipped, catalogued and indexed hundreds of offprints, about 350 reviews and 1,600 articles, as well as satires, parodies and Punch caricatures, with which he filled hefty scrapbooks..."[25] Criticisms of his work troubled Darwin. Milner wrote that after Charles Lyell published a weak endorsement of Darwin's work in Lyell's Antiquity of Man, "Darwin's disappointment brought on 10 days of vomiting, faintness and stomach distress". [26] In addition, Milner states when anatomist St. George Mivart made a negative review of Darwin's work The Descent of Man, it "triggered two months of "giddiness" and inability to work..."
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