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Chad
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French expeditions advanced into the region in 1890, and French sovereignty over Chad was recognized by agreements among the European powers. In 1900, French forces defeated Rabah’s army, and by 1913 the conquest of Chad was completed; it was organized as a French colony in French Equatorial Africa and remained under military rule. Chad was later linked administratively with Ubangi-Shari (now the Central African Republic), but in 1920 it again became a separate colony. It was granted its own territorial legislature in 1946. In the French constitutional referendum of 1958, Chad chose autonomy within the French Community. Full independence was attained on Aug. 11, 1960, with Ngarta Tombalbaye as the first president.
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The first inhabitant of Chad whose remained have been preserved is Abel, discovered in January 1995 by the French paleontologist Michel Brunet. Abel even predates the famous Lucy, found in Ethiopia. Lucy's "father" Yves Coppens admitted that the centre of early appearance of modern humans must now be considered to be Chad. Rock paintings and engravings found in the Tibesti and the Ennedi demonstrate a more recent but still very ancient populating of the area. Chad has been for centuries a contact zone between the Arabs from Northern Africa and the inhabitants of subSaharan Africa. Therefore, the history of Chad is characterized by ethnical and religious disputes which are not solved yet.
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Chad Thompson is author of the book Loving Homosexuals as Jesus Would. His book tries to bridge the gap between the evangelical world and the gay and lesbian community; To show LGBT people that Christians who oppose them politically are not always motivated by hatred or homophobia, and to challenge conservative Christians to put aside their plastic rhetoric and show the LGBT community a kind of love that produces true humanitarianism. Chad has appeared in Time Magazine, World Magazine, Charisma Magazine, Christianity Today, The Washington Times, Townhall.com, and Outreach Magazine named Chad’s book the best target ministry resource of 2004.
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The history of human habitation of Chad is extremely long. The oldest humanoid skull yet found in Chad (Borkou) is more than one million years old. 7,000 years ago, the north central basin, now in the Sahara, was still filled with water, and people lived and farmed around its shores. The region was known to traders and geographers from the late Middle Ages. Since then Chad has served as crossroads for the Moslem peoples of the desert and savanna regions and the animist Bantu peoples of the tropical forests. Sao People lived along the Chari River for thousands of years, but their relatively weak chiefdoms were overtaken by the powerful chiefs of what were to become the Kanem-Bornu and Baguirmi Kingdoms. At their peak, these two kingdoms and the kingdom of Ouaddai controlled a significant part of what is now Chad.
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Chad's legal system is based on French civil law and Chadian customary law where the latter does not interfere with public order or constitutional guarantees of equality. Despite the constitution's guarantee of judicial independence, the president names most key judicial officials. The legal system's highest jurisdictions, the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Council, have become fully operational since 2000. The Supreme Court is made up of a chief justice, named by the president, and 15 councillors, appointed for life by the president and the National Assembly. The Constitutional Court is headed by nine judges elected to nine-year terms. It has the power to review legislation, treaties and international agreements prior to their adoption.[26][25]
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During the Second World War, the Governor of Chad was Félix Eboué (1884-1944), former Governor of Guadeloupe (1936) and first black man to have been appointed colonial Governor. In August 1940, Eboué decided to rally de Gaulle and Chad was the first colony to join the Free France ("France Libre"). Chad was an important starting point for the military operations led by Leclerc in the Libyan desert (1941-1943).
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