LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Cerebral Palsy (Disabled): Muscles
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Surgery is often recommended when the patient is suffering from extreme contractures that are unresponsive to other forms of cerebral palsy therapy. Severe contractures will inhibit movement, balance, and coordination. Doctors can fix contractures by surgically lengthening tendons and muscles. Pre-operative analysis is the key to a successful surgery. Because movements like walking require more than 30 different muscles working in unison, it is important that the proper tendons and ligaments be adjusted. Analysis of a patient's gait when walking, using special computers, can help the cerebral palsy specialist to pinpoint muscles that need help.
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Doctors diagnose cerebral palsy by testing an infant's motor skills and looking carefully at the infant's medical history. In addition to checking for those symptoms described above -- slow development, abnormal muscle tone, and unusual posture -- a physician ... tests the infant's reflexes and looks for early development of hand preference.
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Due to abnormal pull of muscles, children with cerebral palsy often spend a lot of time in abnormal positions. These abnormal positions of the limbs and body should be avoided as much as possible, or the child can become deformed. For example,
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Dystonia is usually a severe for of cerebral palsy and may vary between extreme stiffness and extreme floppiness. There may be spasm in the muscles of the shoulders, neck and trunk. The arm is often held in a rotated position and the head is drawn back and to one side.
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Damage to the central nervous system causes cerebral palsy's primary effects — abnormal reflexes, abnormal muscle tone, and balance and movement problems. Those abnormalities, in turn, lead to secondary effects, such as:
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