LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Central African Republic: Lake Chad
built 613 days ago
European penetration of Central African territory began in the late nineteenth century during the so-called Scramble for Africa (c. 1875-1900). Count Savorgnan de Brazza took the lead in establishing the French Congo with headquarters in the city named after him, Brazzaville, and sent expeditions up the Ubangi river in an effort to expand France's claims to territory in Central Africa. King Leopold II of Belgium, Germany and the United Kingdom ... competed to establish their claims to territory in the Central African region. In 1889 the French established a post on the Ubangi river at Bangui, the future capital of Ubangi-Shari and the CAR. De Brazza then sent expeditions in 1890-91 up the Sangha River in what is now Southwestern CAR, up the center of the Ubangi basin toward Lake Chad, and eastward along the Ubangi river toward the Nile.
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Since the nineteenth century the area of the present-day Central African Republic is inhabited by Sudanese tribes, the Banda and the Baya. Before that the are appears to have been settled from at least the 7th century on by overlapping empires, including the Kanem-Bornu, Ouaddai, Baguirmi and Dafour groups based in Lake Chad and the Upper Nile. Later, various sultanates claim the region as a slave reservoir, from which slaves were traded north across the Sahara and to West Africa for export by the Europeans. In 1875 the Egyptian sultan Rabah governs Upper-Oubangui. Europeans, primarily the French, German and Belgians arrive in the area in 1885.
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As the name dictates, the Central African Republic lies in Central Africa entirely within the tropical zone. Completely landlocked, it is bordered to the North by Chad, on the east by Sudan, on the south by Zaire and the Congo, and on the west by Cameroon. The southern border follows the bed of the Ubangi River; the eastern border coincides with the divide between the watersheds of the Nile and the Zaire rivers.
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Since autumn 2005, violence in northern Central African Republic prompted approximately 46,000 refugees to flee to the area around Goré in southern Chad, where MSF supports a 50-bed-hospital and two basic health posts in Amboko and Gondje. MSF ... runs a program for severely malnourished children. A drinking water system as well as sanitation facilities have been installed in the Gondje and Amboko extension camps.
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Situated about 500 miles north of the equator, the Central African Republic is a landlocked nation bordered by Cameroon, Chad, the Sudan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire), and the Republic of Congo. Twice the size of New Mexico, and roughly the size of France, it is covered by tropical forests in the south and semi-desert land in the east.
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The international forces for Chad and the Central African Republic, authorized by the United Nations Security Council, should focus on protecting civilians affected by escalating violence in the region, Human Rights Watch said today. But it is crucial that the operation address the protection needs of those most affected by ongoing insecurity.
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