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Central African Republic: Countries
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The Central African Republic is an entirely land-locked nation within the interior of the African continent. It is bordered by the countries of Cameroon, Chad, the Sudan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of the Congo. Much of the country consists of flat, or rolling plateau savanna, typically about 1,640 feet (500 m) above sea level. In the northeast are the Fertit Hills, and there are scattered hills in southwest part of the country. To the northwest is the Yade Massif, a granite plateau with an altitude of 3,750 feet (1,143 m).
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With an annual gross national product estimated at only $410 per capita in the early 1990s, the Central African Republic is one of the least developed countries in Africa. In the early 1990s the average life expectancy from birth was about 45 years for women and 42 for men; the infant mortality rate was a very high 142 per 1000 live births. Export is hindered by the lack of direct access to a seaport. About 80% of the labor force is in farming. The agricultural output is fairly evenly balanced between subsistence and export crops. The main sources of revenue are diamonds, coffee, cotton, tobacco, timber, and gold exports.
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The Central African Republic is a landlocked country in central Africa. It borders ► Chad in the north, ► Sudan on the east, the ► Republic of the Congo and the ► Democratic Republic of the Congo on the south, and ► Cameroon on the west. Most of the CAR consists of Sudano-Guinean savannas but it ... includes a Sahelo-Sudanese zone in the north and an Equatorial forest zone in the south. Two thirds of the country lies in the basins of the Ubangi river, which flows south into the Congo River, while the remaining third lies in the basin of the Shari river, which flows north into Lake Chad.
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The Central African Republic is governed under the constitution of 2004. The president, who is the head of state, is popularly elected for a five-year term and is eligible for a second term. The government is headed by a prime minister, who is appointed by the political party with a parliamentary majority. The unicameral legislature consists of the 109-seat National Assembly, whose members are popularly elected for five-year terms. Administratively, the country is divided into 14 prefectures, two economic prefectures, and the Bangui federal district.
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Subsistence agriculture, together with forestry, remains the backbone of the economy of the Central African Republic (CAR), contributing 50% to GDP. Timber accounts for about 16% of export earnings and the diamond industry for nearly 54%. Cotton and coffee are ... the main export crops. The landlocked position of the country, with its remoteness from the nearest seaports, and the lack of adequate road and railway infrastructure are a major obstacle to economic development. Military rebellions and social unrest in 1996 accompanied by widespread destruction of property has led to a major drop in GDP,reduced tax revenues for the government, and delayed negotiations for an IMF financial aid agreement.
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About two-thirds of the eligible children of the Central African Republic receive primary education. Secondary and higher education facilities are limited. Only about 40% of the population is literate. In the early 1990s about 308,400 pupils annually attended primary schools, and about 47,000 students were enrolled in secondary and teacher-training institutions. The country's one university, the University of Bangui (1969), has an enrollment of about 3800 students.
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