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Census (U.S.): Populations
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In a collaboration with the Chinese government, the Chinese Census data for smaller geographies is becoming available outside of China. The University of Michigan China Data Center has converted township level data to GIS formats, with associated geographic coordinates. China Data Center has ... built estimated 2000 population totals for 1km grids throughout China. Some toolkits with those geographically-accessible data will be forthcoming in first quarter, 2007, which will be packaged in two new products, “Allocate China” and “DemographicsNowChina.”
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The 2000 U.S. Census population figure for Chesterfield County is 259,903. The Chesterfield Planning Departmenthas estimated that the populationfor Chesterfield on January 1, 2007 was 306,000. Chesterfield is now the largest locality in the Richmond, VirginiaMSA and thethird largest county in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Only the counties of Fairfax, and Prince William, and the city of Virginia Beach have larger populations.
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The first large-scale census in the German Empire took place in 1895. Attempts at introducing a census in West Germany sparked strong popular resentment in the 1980s since many quite personal questions were asked. Some campaigned for a boycott. In the end the Constitutional Court stopped the census in 1980 and 1983. The last census was in 1987. Germany has since used population samples in combination with statistical methods, in place of a full census.
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The 1960 public use sample success.revolutionized the analysis of the American population and led to an explosion of new census-based research. Not only did it allow researchers to make tabulations tailored to their specific research questions, but it ... allowed them to apply new methods to the analysis of census data, especially multivariate techniques. But the sample did have two significant limitations. First, the sample size was relatively small. The 1 in 1000 sample density yielded about 180,000 person records. Given the modest capacity of computers in 1964, this was a lot of cases, but as researchers began to use the sample for detailed analysis of small population subgroups, its limitations became apparent.
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Data users should ... use caution when comparing estimates from this microdata file (which reflects 1990 census-based population controls) with estimates for 1993 and earlier years (which reflect 1980 census-based population controls). This change in population controls had relatively little impact on summary measures such as means, medians, and percentage distributions. It did have a significant impact on levels. For example, 1990 based population controls caused about a 1-percent increase in the civilian noninstitutional population and in the number of families and households. Thus, estimates of levels for data collected in 1994 and later years will differ from those for earlier years by more than what could be attributed to actual changes in the population. These differences could be disproportionately greater for certain subpopulation groups than for the total population.
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The second strength of the public use census files is their large size. The number of cases available for each census year ranges from the hundreds of thousands to the tens of millions. This allows the study of small and geographically dispersed population subgroups. Even the largest surveys are too small to allow analysis of small population subgroups such as Native Americans or particular occupational groups. Moreover, there are presently no national surveys large enough to be used for policy research at the municipal level. Finally, the large size of the PUMS files together with their national coverage permits multi-level analyses of the effects of local conditions on individual and family behavior.
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