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Carthage: Rome
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[One] change in the political affairs of Carthage was to be the creation of a separate, military state to oversee all Carthaginian dominions outside of Africa. In effect this granted Hamilcar Barca huge powers, such which held the potential of rivalling, if not even overshadowing, any office in Carthage. But if Hamilcar Barca succeeded in gaining political power within Carthage, military success was harder to come by. He set sail toward Sardinia, seeking to re-occupy it, for Rome had so far not sent troops. And Hamilcar Barca could effectively claim that it was Carthage's property, according to the very peace treaty he had negotiated with Lutatius.
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Carthage is an ancient city-state in what is now Tunisia. In the Aeneid, an old story by Vergil, Aeneas visited Carthage. He made the Queen of Carthage, Dido, angry. Carthage and Rome warred three times. These wars were the Punic wars. In the second Punic War, Hannibal led the Cathaginian army.
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With the defeat of the first war with Rome and the mercenary revolt in short succession, Carthage's old order was no longer safely in power. The people it seemed were well and truly sick of their aristocratic leaders. A figure called Hasdrubal, of whom little is known, rose to considerable power with the backing of the people. He allied himself Hamilcar Barca in an effort to rid Carthage from the power of Hanno II and the aristocracy. By political means the two in 238 BC succeeded in reducing the powers of the Council of 104 and ... ousted Hanno II from power. Hamilcar Barca was henceforth the supreme commander of the Carthaginian forces.
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Carthage ... became a center of early Christianity. In the first of a string of rather poorly reported Councils at Carthage a few years later, no fewer than seventy bishops attended. Tertullian later broke with the mainstream that was represented more and more by the bishop of Rome, but a more serious rift among Christians was the Donatist controversy, which Augustine of Hippo spent much time and parchment arguing against. In 397 at the Council at Carthage, the biblical canon for the western Church was confirmed.
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Carthage was founded in the 9th century B.C. on the Gulf of Tunis. From the 6th century onwards, it developed into a great trading empire covering much of the Mediterranean and was home to a brilliant civilization. In the course of the long Punic wars, Carthage occupied territories belonging to Rome, which finally destroyed its rival in 146 B.C. A second – Roman – Carthage was then established on the ruins of the first.
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Carthage is indisputably of key importance to Roman history. The first great imperial opponent of Rome, they took the Romans to the very brink of defeat. The battles in the titanic struggle between the two powers helped forge the Roman legions and navies into the supreme fighting force in the Mediterranean. But the annihilation which befell Carthage after its final defeat by Rome makes it an almost unknown quantity to most students of Roman history.
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