LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Carbohydrate: Diets
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Some problems have been cited for the long term effects of a no-carbohydrate diet for some individuals. Athletes, for instance, or those that participate in high intensity activities, will have a considerable reduction in performance, due to having little to no glycogen supplies stored in muscle tissue. Additionally, nephrotoxicity may occur, particularly in persons that are not very well hydrated.
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An alternative form of carb counting is called carbohydrate choice or simple carb counting. With this method, every 15 grams of carbs are counted as one carbohydrate choice, with a predetermined number of choices allotted daily (as determined by an RD and based on caloric requirements). While not as precise as carb gram counting, simple carb counting may be preferred by those who like the simplicity of the dietary exchange system but crave added variety in their diet.
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The results forced one leading nutritionist to admit that dieticians who had disparaged the Atkins diet for years could no longer dismiss low-carbohydrate diets. Walter Willett, of Harvard School of Public Health, added that the diet’s creator, the late Dr Robert Atkins, deserved credit for his observations.
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Diets low in carbohydrate are likely to lack sufficient amounts of essential nutrients found in plant foods that promote good health. People following these diets may not get enough vitamins, minerals and fiber to avoid blood chemistry imbalances, constipation and other health problems.
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Conclusion: Participants on a low-carbohydrate diet had more favorable overall outcomes at 1 year than did those on a conventional diet. Weight loss was similar between groups, but effects on atherogenic dyslipidemia and glycemic control were still more favorable with a low-carbohydrate diet after adjustment for differences in weight loss.
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Short duration high intensity sports: Athletes such as wrestlers, sprinters and similar athletes should ingest high carbohydrate diets during intense periods of training. A high carbohydrate diet allows higher training intensities (Nevill et. al., 1993).
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