LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Capacitor: Current
built 647 days ago
The physicist James Clerk Maxwell invented the concept of displacement current, dD/dt, to make Ampère's law consistent with conservation of charge in cases where charge is accumulating as in a capacitor. He interpreted this as a real motion of charges, even in vacuum, where he supposed that it corresponded to motion of dipole charges in the aether. Although this interpretation has been abandoned, Maxwell's correction to Ampère's law remains valid.
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When power is applied to a capacitor in this condition, it may quickly re-oxidise, and limit the current flow. In some cases, lots of current flows, the capacitor get hot, starts to gas, and may ... explode.
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The main advantage of a capacitor is that there is no time delay in turning on as it always conducts. The disadvantage is that the amount of current it can handle is limited to a few amps, depending on the surge voltage. For this reason, an arrestor should always be installed with a capacitor to protect it from intense surges.
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A capacitor with acceptable leakage current is indicated by the neon stopping its flashing and going out completely. This occurs when the voltage across AB, in Fig.1, falls to about 75 volts. The values of resistors R12, R13, R14 and R19 (the equivalent of RL in Fig.1) are chosen by:
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Groups of large, specially constructed, low-inductance high-voltage capacitors (capacitor banks) are used to supply huge pulses of current for many pulsed power applications. These include electromagnetic forming, Marx generators, pulsed lasers (especially TEA lasers), pulse forming networks, radar, fusion research, and particle accelerators.
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The ripple current is sometimes rated for a capacitor in RMS current. Remembering that P = I2R where R in this case is ESR it is plain to see that this is a power dispassion rating.
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