LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Cancer: Bladder Cancer
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Bladder Cancer [I]s the fourth and eighth most common cancer in men and women in the United States, respectively. Flavonoid phytochemicals are being studied for both prevent ion and therapy of various human malignancies including bladder cancer. One such naturally occurring flavonoid is silibinin isolated from milk thistle. Cigarette smoking is confirmed as a risk factor for bladder cancer.
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Cancer immunotherapy refers to a diverse set of therapeutic strategies designed to induce the patient's own immune system to fight the tumor. Contemporary methods for generating an immune response against tumours include intravesical BCG immunotherapy for superficial bladder cancer, and use of interferons and other cytokines to induce an immune response in renal cell carcinoma and melanoma patients. Vaccines to generate specific immune responses are the subject of intensive research for a number of tumours, notably malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma. Sipuleucel-T is a vaccine-like strategy in late clinical trials for prostate cancer in which dendritic cells from the patient are loaded with prostatic acid phosphatase peptides to induce a specific immune response against prostate-derived cells.
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More than 1.2 million Americans develop cancer each year. A new cancer is diagnosed every 30 seconds in the United States. Since 1990, nearly 15 million new cancer cases have been diagnosed. These estimates do not include carcinoma in situ (non-invasive cancer) of any site except urinary bladder, and do not include the basal and squamous cell skin cancers.
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In Atlanta, Ga., a team of nine researchers examined the association between use of Vitamin E supplements and bladder cancer deaths. Health records of almost one million adults were studied for a 16-year period. Bladder cancer deaths occurred in men almost three times more than in women.
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Bladder Cancer